Revising the Harris-Todaro framework to model labour migration from the Canadian Northern frontier

The Harris-Todaro model of labour migration was developed almost four decades ago, and since has become a classic method of migration analysis in less developed countries. This paper explores the applicability of the Harris-Todaro (HT) framework outside its traditional use, by modelling frontier-metropolis migration in Canada. If appropriate, the framework can potentially be used in other countries with similar regional dichotomies, such as Russia and Australia. The paper argues that the HT model is generally applicable in the context of migration from the resource frontier to large metropolitan areas of the Canadian south, although it requires several modifications. The classic HT model is extended to account for northern labour-force heterogeneity (Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal), the possibility of having or losing jobs in the declining and undiversified frontier economy, and living cost differentials. Further analysis is focused on Aboriginal migration from isolated northern communities. The plausibility of the modified HT model is demonstrated using an empirical test, in which the model is used to assess migration probabilities of Aboriginal labour migrants. These new insights into the mechanisms of frontier-metropolis migration could provide a better basis for developing planning strategies, aimed to sustain human capital in the Canadian North, and for optimizing welfare policies both in the North and in the South.     

试论单位在刑事诉讼中的证人资格问题

我国司法实践中,单位作证的现象客观存在,如何界定单位在我国刑事诉讼中的证人资格以及确定单位出具的 证明在诉讼中的证据种类,便是该文试图加以明确和澄清的几个问题。     

‘The Women Can Be Moved to Fill in the Gaps’: New Production Concepts,Gender and Suppliers

This article wishes to extend our understanding of New Production Concepts (hereafter NPC) induced restructuring in two areas. Firstly, it wishes to further explore the gender distinctions to be made when considering the impact of NPC on the labour process. In turn, this calls for a consideration of the extent to which NPC restructuring perpetuates, recasts and fortifies gendered divisions of labour within organizations. It will indicate how the introduction of NPC within a buyer and two supply organizations intensified prevailing gendered divisions of labour and disproportionately impacted upon women workers. It will also stress that women workers appeared to be more exposed to the implementation of policies designed to secure responsiveness to the satisfaction of customer requirements. However, while the evidence will reveal the importance of exploring distinctions within labour as part of a process of restructuring, it also highlights the linkages between these organizations. Secondly, therefore it aims to extend the territory of existing debates by highlighting a gender distinction across and between organizations. It will conclude by highlighting the importance of constructing an analysis of NPC‐induced restructuring which not only embraces a gendered analysis of change but simultaneously does not privilege research attention to particular ‘hermetically sealed’ workplaces, dislocated from a wider process of inter‐firm restructuring.     

Child labour: A hidden form of child abuse

There is a widespread but hidden area of child abuse: child labour. One-fifth of the world's population is linked with child labour; yet it receives very little or no attention throughout the world. Where is our sense of urgency? Poverty is the repeatedly cited reason for child labour. This is an oversimplification. The origins of the problem are multi-faceted. involving such variables of development as culture, human rights, economy, population, indigenous people and environment. It is the existing paradigm of development, determined by the elite, which is responsible for the problem of child labour. Obviously, the shift from the ‘need’-based economy to the ‘want’-based economy has taken a heavy toll of children the world over. We need to forge partnerships of different groups across the world, especially in light of the increasing integration of countries across the globe and because child labour is re-emerging and assuming wide proportions in the developed countries. As we tread the path to a new paradigm of development, we must remember to walk in step with the children. For we have a lot to learn from them, and tomorrow is their concern, as it is their future.     

Poverty and welfare in Denmark

From 1945 to the 1980s, Denmark was characterized by the absence of poverty or at least by the lack of any debate over poverty. However, by the mid-1980s, the presence of new forms of poverty made it impossible for politicians and social scientists to neglect poverty as an issue. The re-emergence of poverty did not clarify its extent, but it is widely agreed that poverty now is related to social exclusion and marginalization from the labour market. Empirical evidence is given that shows a poverty incidence of about 8%; the extent of marginalization is calculated to include 20-25% of the population of working age. The existence of poverty can be seen as a critique of the Scandinavian welfare state project, which was developed explicitly to fight and eliminate poverty. The article concludes with a discussion of the latest welfare state development in Scandinavia and possible future trends, summarized as welfare pluralism. The further implementation of the concept of welfare pluralism holds both positive and negative prospects for the poor, since it opens up both a more differentiated yet possibly also more stratified distribution of welfare     

Hierarchy and Partnership in New Orleans

Recently, increasing numbers of partnerships have emerged in which universities work to address economic, social, and political problems within troubled communities. Such experiences have led to careful discussion of the model such efforts should follow, and a literature which has assessed such activity as overwhelmingly positive. Based on team ethnographic research, this case study discusses the emergence of one such partnership that was forged at high levels of government and university administration. Such an emergence, we argue, impacted the partnership in such a way that the interests of more powerful members outweighed those of members with less power. Unequal interests influenced the structure of the partnership, its ability to carry out its mission, the participation of community residents, and intentions for the future of the partnership.     

共青团对新时期高校学生社团的再认识与管理

作为高校团工在新条件下的重要载体,团组织须充分重新认识高校学生社团的积极作用:有利于提高思想、科学、文化素质与实践创新能力,促进学生的广泛参与、培养合作意识和社会适应能力,建设高品位校园文化;同时,对其数量类型、管理、活动、互补、指导等发展欠缺问题,也应有清醒的意识与足够的重视;才能在管理上确立正确引导、自主活动、统筹管理、协调发展的基本原则,明确如下基本工作思路:完善机制、提高活动质量与社团领导者的素质、协调与第一课堂的关系、以评促进的严格考核。     

Development NGOs and Political Participation of the Poor in Bangladesh and Nepal

This paper examines the role of development NGOs (nongovernmental organizations) in furthering the political participation of the poor, with data from Bangladesh and Nepal. The topic is discussed from three aspects: the role of NGOs in prodemocracy movements, the issues raised by antiglobalization movements, and the extent of NGO involvement in local government elections. The paper draws on fieldwork conducted in two villages—one in Bangladesh and the other in Nepal. It is concluded that development NGOs tend to contribute more to elite interests than to the democratic political participation of the poor.     

电子政府的特性与效率分析

电子政府是 2 1世纪先进生产力和管理科学的杰出成就。本文对电子政府的建构思想、技术特性、功能与效率要素进行了综合分析 ,对电子政府的虚拟特性与效率、任务与功能、宏观调控和网络经济的特性与效率等问题进行了剖析 ,归纳了建构中存在的关键性和复杂性问题 ,并提出了研究的思路和系统建构的思想     

政府与非政府组织的博弈分析

政府与非政府组织之间的关系是行政伦理关系中最基本最重要的关系之一,建立良好的政府与非政府组织之间关系是保证行政管理工作顺利进行的必备条件。以冲突分析见长的博弈论为分析和解决政府与非政府组织之间关系提供了一个新视角。文章运用博弈论对政府与非政府组织之间的冲突与选择过程做了详细分析,以期为创建和谐的政府与非政府组织之间关系提供相关的启示。