江苏省宿迁市耕地生态足迹初探

运用生态足迹模型和相关统计年鉴数据,计算了宿迁市2006年的耕地生态足迹。结果表明：2006年宿迁市耕地生态足迹为0.73332hm2/人,而耕地生态承载力为0.38504hm2/人,生态赤字为0.34828hm2/人,这说明宿迁市的耕地利用已经超出了生态承载力的范围,处于不可持续发展的状态。     

中西方失地农民社会保障体系建设比较研究

同西方发达国家相比,我国在土地征用、职业技术培训、保障基金运转等失地农民社会保障体系建设方面存在很大差异。建立健全我国失地农民社会保障体系,需要借鉴西方的经验教训,规范土地征用程序,切实提高补偿标准;扩大社会保障内容,建立城乡一体保障体系;加强职业技能教育,强化失地农民就业能力培训。     

对成都市在“城乡一体化”改革中创新突破的调查和研究

城乡统筹发展的实质就是要协调城市与乡村的各类要素资源,打破城、镇、乡、村的脱节和工业与农业发展不平衡的格局,实现以城乡一体化为目标、以改革创新为核心、以群众利益最大化为宗旨、以市场化为动力、以政策为保障的城乡和谐与可持续发展。     

对耕地利用率影响因素及影响效应的统计分析

耕地承包农户的户主年龄、家庭非农收入、土地转让行为选择、农户择业意愿、耕地条件与环境等因素与耕地利用率之间存在显著相关。对此,政府首先必须加强对农民的重农教育,增强农民珍爱耕地的自觉性;其次,应创新耕地管理制度,引导土地合理流转;其三,推进农村土地流转规范,提升耕地资产价值效能;其四,加大支农惠农政策力度,提高农业比较收益;其五,扩大对农村投入,改善农村农业基础设施建设。     

重庆农村土地交易所篚运行机制及其优化

重庆农村土地交易所是我国首家农村土地交易市场,其成立对于推进重庆统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区建设、探索建立城乡统一的土地交易市场具有极为重要的意义。对重庆农村土地交易所基本管理体系、运行框架、交易品种以及历次地票交易情况等的调查分析表明,应充分发挥农村土地交易所市场平台作用,进一步丰富交易品种和服务内容,按照地票的商品特性和市场供求关系建立合理的价格形成机制,构建合理的地票收益分配机制,进一步完善交易所内部管理机制。     

Understanding the relationship between social change and its impacts: The experience of rural land use change in south-eastern Australia

This study investigated socio-economic impacts of land use change, giving explicit attention to the relationships between independently observed land use change and associated socio-economic changes, perceived land use change and socio-economic change, attributed cause of change, and experienced impacts of change. Using a case study region in south-east Australia, we examined the impacts of growth in use of land for dairy farming, cropping, blue gum plantations and rural residential development on (i) rural population trends, and (ii) the amount and nature of employment available in the study region. Perceptions and impacts of change were assessed using multiple qualitative and quantitative methods. Results demonstrate that local residents were not always aware of the extent and nature of land use change, and had difficulty attributing social changes and their impacts to the land use changes that underlie them. Furthermore, the felt impacts of land use change appeared dependent on a person's awareness of that change, and on their beliefs about the causes of social change. These findings highlight avenues for theoretical development to better specify the processes by which social change processes are experienced as human impacts. The findings also have implications for land use policy and social impact assessment, illustrating the importance of understanding both perceived and actual social change.     

Land-use and environmental pressures resulting from current and future bioenergy crop expansion: A review

Recent energy and climate policies, particularly in the developed world, have increased demand for bioenergy² as an alternative, which has led to both direct and indirect land-use changes and an array of environmental and socio-economic concerns. A comprehensive understanding of the land-use dynamics of bioenergy crop production is essential for the development of sustainable bioenergy and land-use policies. In this paper, we review the patterns and dynamics of land-use change associated with bioenergy crops (hereafter referred to as ’bioenergy-driven land-use change’). The review focuses on four regions as the most prominent locations in which these patterns and changes occur: Brazil; Indonesia and Malaysia; the United States of America (U.S.A.); and the European Union (EU). The review confirms that bioenergy-driven land-use change has affected and will impact most severely on the ’land- and resource-abundant’ developing regions, such as Brazil, where economic development takes priority over sustainable land-use policies, and the enforcement capability is limited. Opportunities for more effective policy are available through the development of international climate change policy (e.g. REDD under the UNFCCC), and certification criteria for sustainable bioenergy products (e.g. EU RED). However, bioenergy produced from no and/or less land-using feedstocks (e.g. wastes and residues), and their associated technologies must be given higher priority to minimise bioenergy-driven land-use change and its negative impacts.     

新民居建设中土地整理利用现状调查分析

土地整理和利用是新民居建设中的重要工作点,对新民居建设以及社会主义新农村建设的深入推进具有重要影响。通过对河北省廊坊市新民居建设中土地整理利用工作开展调查,分析当前现状及存在问题,探讨如何合理规划利用土地,切实推进新民居建设。     

牧地承包经营权转让意愿影响因素研究——基于农户劳动力配置视角

基于西部3省731户农(牧)户的实地调研数据,从农(牧)户劳动力配置视角分析了牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响因素。研究结果表明:务牧人口数、近三年务牧消耗、务牧技能水平等对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的负向影响;务工兼牧业人口数、务工技能水平和户均单位土地劳动投入对牧地承包经营权转出意愿有显著的正向影响;务工人口数、户主受教育程度等对牧地承包经营权转让意愿的影响不显著。     

土地流转视角的农村人力资本流动及其对策建议

农村人力资本的合理流动是土地流转的前提。土地流转能够有效提高土地资源配置效率．进一步激活农村富余劳动力的转移。观念障碍、信息障碍、成本障碍、技能障碍、制度障碍、职位障碍、收益障碍和公平障碍等八大障碍,较严重地制约了农村人力资本的流动,阻碍了土地流转的进一步实施。必须消除这些障碍,进一步促进人力资本有序流动。