语言符号和副语言符号的文化信息处理

文本中存在着大量承栽文化信息的语言符号和副语言符号。翻译界的“归化”与“异化”、“忠实”与“叛逆”争论不休,使得这些符号的翻译处于一种两难的境地。依据哈贝马斯的交往合理性而拟定的翻译标准,对文化信息符号的翻译有非常重要的指导意义。     

论语言变体和语用失误之间的互相影响

第二语言习得的过程是一个自然的连续体。语言变体研究第二语言习得过程中连续体的节．属于语言习得过程的输入。语言变体由系统变体和非系统变体构成,其中又含有个体变体和语境变体。语用失误则将研究的重点放在语用上,注重语言使用者运用语言过程中出现的失误,属于语言交际过程中的输出。语用失误由语用语言失误和社会语用失误构成。两种不同的理论研究共同的对象——语言习得者,从不同的角度来研究语言的习得和使用,这就极大地丰富了语言习得和使用的内涵,对语言的学和教有着十分重要的价值。     

汉语和汉字的互动与和谐发展

汉语和汉字的关系是一种独特的类型:文字与音节、语素对应,形音义一体,结构立体化。汉字适应并参与了汉语的演变:不断调整字音和字形以适应意义的扩展,形成单音的核心词和开放的多音词的巧妙配合,字义虚化生成语法模式。在汉语发展历史上,汉字为贯通古今南北、保持汉语的统一,传承民族文化做出了重大贡献。汉语和汉字缔造的"单音节""非形态"的特征值得深入地研究。     

经济转型期高校外语人才的培养模式分析

新时期高校外语人才的培养应满足社会时复合应用型人才的需求.因此,必须对现行的教育模式、课程体系、教学手段与方法、教学管理机制等进行系统化的重新构建,创建与培养目标相适应的人才培养模式.     

大学英语教学导入中国文化的构想

在今天,英语作为世界通用语言,其霸主地位已是不争的事实.与此同时,"汉语热"现象在国外悄然兴起.而目前中国大学生的汉语水平与对中国传统文化的了解程度是令人堪忧的.在这样的国际环境下,在大学英语教学中导入中国文化不仅是必要的,而且是急需的.具体的导入方式包括教学大纲的改革、测试内容的完善、英语教材的重新编写,中西文化对比教学等方面.     

缺少的分享——喜马拉雅东部(中国云南西北部)作为“整体社会事实”的分享的仪式语言

中华人民共和国成立以前,云南西北部怒江、独龙江流域居住的独龙族、怒族等邻近族群之间存在着一种共通的"议式语言".这种仪式语言通过宗教祭祀活动以及分享杀牲后的肉食过程体现出来.在这一地域社会中,各种社会、政治和经济关系都依赖于这种仪式语言展开.虽然目前这种分享的仪式日渐式微,但分享的意识依然体现着族群内部的"社会结合"方式.通过独龙族仪式语言的个案分析,旨在与利奇关于克钦社会的"仪式语言"研究进行对话.     

R-CMap—An open-source software for concept mapping

Planning and evaluating projects often involves input from many stakeholders. Fusing and organizing many different ideas, opinions, and interpretations into a coherent and acceptable plan or project evaluation is challenging. This is especially true when seeking contributions from a large number of participants, especially when not all can participate in group discussions, or when some prefer to contribute their perspectives anonymously. One of the major breakthroughs in the area of evaluation and program planning has been the use of graphical tools to represent the brainstorming process. This provides a quantitative framework for organizing ideas and general concepts into simple-to-interpret graphs. We developed a new, open-source concept mapping software called R-CMap, which is implemented in R. This software provides a graphical user interface to guide users through the analytical process of concept mapping. The R-CMap software allows users to generate a variety of plots, including cluster maps, point rating and cluster rating maps, as well as pattern matching and go-zone plots. Additionally, R-CMap is capable of generating detailed reports that contain useful statistical summaries of the data. The plots and reports can be embedded in Microsoft Office tools such as Word and PowerPoint, where users may manually adjust various plot and table features to achieve the best visual results in their presentations and official reports. The graphical user interface of R-CMap allows users to define cluster names, change the number of clusters, select rating variables for relevant plots, and importantly, select subsets of respondents by demographic criteria. The latter is particularly useful to project managers in order to identify different patterns of preferences by subpopulations. R-CMap is user-friendly, and does not require any programming experience. However, proficient R users can add to its functionality by directly accessing built-in functions in R and sharing new features with the concept mapping community.     

网络语言娱乐功能实现方式及其根源研究

在网络言语交际过程中,网络语言娱乐性的表现形式、特点及其制约机制等问题一直是学界关注的话题.为从语言功能视角阐释网络语言娱乐性的实现方式及其根源等问题,运用了比较分析和例证相结合的研究方法,通过比较分析说明网络语言的内涵及其存在形式的双重性特征,介绍了语言娱乐功能的内涵和陈望道先生的“辞趣”思想,通过网络语言在形趣、音趣和意趣方面的例证分析,对“辞趣”理论实质从语言娱乐功能实现角度重新进行了梳理,指出网络语言娱乐功能具体实现的语言结构形式途径,认为网络言语交际中娱乐性的根源来自于社会物质条件和主体内在需求的合力,因为使用了网络媒介,所以才表现出独具特色的网络言语交际形式.     

Forensic Evaluation of Deaf Individuals: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT

Forensic evaluation of deaf individuals presents unique challenges due to many examinees’ fund of information deficits, potential for language deprivation, and examiners’ frequent lack of creativity regarding communication methods. This article describes challenges most frequently encountered in competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility evaluations and offers strategies for overcoming them. The value of employing multiple communication methods, especially the use of illustrations, is emphasized. Suggestions also are offered regarding preparing evaluation reports and effectively communicating “key deaf fundamentals” to legal personnel. Encouragement is offered for qualified, sign-fluent professionals to engage in forensic work.