中国自由主义文学的话语建构与理论阐释——兼对“泛自由主义”倾向的批评

自由主义文学一直是个颇具争议的话题。20世纪80年代始,研究者们就开始了对自由主义文学的理论建构和概念阐释,他们的阐释话语直接影响了中国自由主义文学的概念和内涵。时至当下,学者们对自由主义文学的关注已经显化为一种独立的文学思潮研究,但对于研究中普遍存在的＂泛自由主义＂倾向,也应引起人们的警惕和批评。     

论有限政府的现实诉求

有限政府理论是近代西方政治思想的重要内容,作为政制运作与宪政实践的指导原则,其产生与古典自由主义密切关联。随着古典自由主义向新自由主义、新古典自由主义变迁,有限政府理论涉及政府功能、职能和规模方面的内容逐渐被适度政府理论所吸收,权力分立与权力制约的传统内涵成为有限政府理论在宪政层面的现实诉求。     

‘A Common Sense of the Times’? Neo‐liberalism and Changing Public Opinion in New Zealand and the UK

Neo‐liberalism represents a significant and enduring shift in the politics shaping social policy. Although frequently ascribed a hegemonic, all‐powerful status that focuses our attention on the coherence found in neo‐liberal policies, this article builds on scholarly work highlighting variegation in the neo‐liberal project across different policy areas, national settings and time periods. Specifically, it employs Peck's and Tickell's (2002) view that neo‐liberalism has gone through multiple phases in response to both external and internal crises as an entry point for studying neo‐liberalism's impact on public support for the welfare state. Drawing upon New Zealand and British attitudinal data, the article argues that public reactions to an early period of retrenchment (‘roll‐back’ neo‐liberalism) differ from those reported in the ‘roll‐out’ or embedding phase of neo‐liberalism implemented by Third Way Labour Governments in both countries. Indeed, continuing public support in many policy areas arguably contributed to the internal crisis that provoked an adaptation to the neo‐liberal project. The article further explores public support for the welfare state following the external crisis provoked by the financial meltdown of 2008–09 asking whether New Zealand and British attitudes showed signs of resisting austerity measures or whether they, instead, indicated a third, ‘roll‐over’ period of neo‐liberalism where the public accepted not only a neo‐liberal economic agenda but also the need for further retrenchment of the welfare state. Conclusions about the politics of social policy at the level of public opinion offer both good and bad news for welfare state advocates.     

自由主义与民主主义思想的碰撞——论托马斯·杰斐逊的言论自由观

美国第三、四任总统杰斐逊积极倡导言论自由,直接参与了《独立宣言》和《权利法案》的起草拟定工作,一直被新闻学界认定为自由主义报刊理论发展过程中最关键的人物之一。基于此,从其自由主义思想的哲学基础,自由主义思想的体现,自由主义思想的摇摆,以及其身上所体现出的民主主义倾向这几个层面来还原一个集自由主义思想与民主主义思想于一体的复杂的杰斐逊。     

萨德、色情与文学自由

萨德的反成规以及他的反叛行为的哲学基础是自然主义和绝对自由主义。色情文学对完善人的整体性的吁请与萨德的极端色情的反人性并不完全相同。在社会政治和文学两个层面上重新考察萨德的色情文学的哲学命题和文学价值在今天的后现代语境之下十分有意义,据此可以追索人的完整性之于文学自由的可能意义。     

Deciphering Deservedness: Canadian Employment Insurance Reforms in Historical Perspective

In 2012, the Government of Canada introduced reforms to Employment Insurance (EI), Canada's primary income security programme for the unemployed. The changes entailed new requirements for particular types of claimants to apply for and accept jobs of increasingly less pay, and codified the efforts claimants must demonstrate in job searches to maintain benefits. These measures leave many claimants little choice but to accept precarious employment as a means of financial survival. The central claim of the article is that recent EI reforms are not adequately understood as an instance of neo‐liberal activation. Instead, they must be situated in a long history of attempts to categorize the unemployed as deserving or undeserving of income security on the basis of their work history and perceptions of their willingness to work. Through a survey of different periods of unemployment policy in Canada, we demonstrate continuity in authorities' efforts to differentiate the unemployed into categories of worthy and unworthy. Within this history, however, the 2012 reforms are unprecedented in the extent to which they reorient the EI programme to service low wage labour markets. By way of conclusion, we suggest that the current EI programme exacerbates insecurities for the growing segment of workers in precarious employment.     

吉登斯"第三条道路"政治思想述评

“第三条道路”政治模式是吉登斯此前建构和阐发的结构化理论及现代性思想与现实接轨的具体成果。通过对福利国家和市场原教旨主义的质疑并置风险概念于高度现代性社会之核心 ,吉登斯揭示了当今西方政策领域的多种两难困境 ,并在此基础上作出“第三条道路”的政治选择 ,以适应急遽的社会变迁 ,实现对古典社会民主主义政治和新自由主义政治的超越。     

19世纪初德国的自由主义国家理论及其实践

法国革命在德国引发了前所未有的震撼,尤其是经历了思想的伟大洗礼。德国自由主义者接受启蒙思想,信奉古典自由主义国家保护安全的信条,要求取缔全能的警察国家,削弱绝对统治色彩,实行某种程度的宪政。但是随着法国革命的推进,德国自由主义者开始怀疑现代国家起源的古典理论——“社会契约论”,一种更为保守的“历史有机国家”理论逐渐占据了主流地位。不过,“法治国家”思想的发展在某种程度上防止了“有机国家”向绝对主义国家的回归。     

当代西方公民教育理论探微

公民教育是目前国内外政治学领域以及教育学领域广泛关注的问题.本文着重探讨了当代国外公民教育理论的四种代表性观点:自由主义、共和主义、社群主义和多元文化主义,通过对四种代表性观点的梳理与分析,审视其政治哲学基础,揭示其基本特征.     

美国沃伦法院述评

1953-1969年的沃伦法院是美国宪政史上最激进和富有创造性的最高法院之一。它不仅使联邦最高法院的司法理念从保守主义转向自由主义,极大地提升了最高法院在美国宪政体制中的地位,而且也引发了美国当代社会中的平等权利风暴,进一步扩大了联邦政府的权力。虽然沃伦法院的司法能动主义遭到了法院内外保守人士的激烈反对,但它在当时的美国社会中所发挥的作用是积极和正面的。