基于核心素养的幼儿园园本课程建设

学生发展核心素养,主要指学生应具备的、能够适应终身发展和社会发展需要的必备品格和关键能力。园本课程是幼儿园按照国家与地方政府课程的基本精神而进行的课程选择、重组与整合而形成的适合幼儿园特点的个性化课程体系。本研究选择幼儿园园本课程内容的构建作为研究内容,以天津市河东区第八幼儿园的小、中、大班幼儿为研究对象,采用行动研究的方法,力求从“核心素养”的精髓和内容入手,重点解决建设教学活动资料库问题。基于核心素养的园本课程建设要以核心素养为指导思想。要把握核心素养精髓,以培养“全面发展的人”为立足点,确立3-6岁各年龄段核心素养的具体内涵,继而本着“眼中有孩子,心中有内涵”的原则确定园本课程的课程目标、课程内容、课程实施和课程评价。     

数学文化对小学生数学核心素养发展作用测评模型构建与实证研究

数学核心素养是学生经过数学学习后应具备的关键能力与必备品格。已有大量研究证实数学文化对学生的认知、情感、品格等方面具有积极影响。如何评价数学文化对小学生数学核心素养发展的作用,成为本文的主要研究问题。本文通过文献分析、抽样调查和探索性因素分析等,得出数学文化对小学生数学核心素养发展作用的三个维度：必备品格(X1)、关键能力(X2)、数学情感态度观念(X3),构建测评模型：Y=0.26X1+0.31X2+0.42X3;通过专家咨询、师生调查、课堂观察等方法与验证性因素分析,得出所构建的测评模型拟合度良好。该测评模型为数学文化对学生核心素养发展的作用提供借鉴和测评工具支持。     

应用型人才培养视角下工科学生法治素养培养研究

公民法治素养的提升是推进全面依法治国的重要抓手,也是建设法治国家、法治政府、法治社会的必然要求。在新时代,工科类专业应用型人才培养应突破传统的单一专业知识教学的培养模式,应按照新工科建设的要求,以培养跨学科的复合型人才为目标,将法治素养培养作为教学方式的一种转变和创新。以S省某应用型高校工程类专业为调查对象,对其应用型人才培养理念、人才培养方案、师资力量和学生学情等进行实证调研,分析工科学生法治素养培养方面存在的问题及原因,构建有效的工科学生法治素养培养路径。     

Afghan families and health professionals’ access to health information during and after pregnancy

BackgroundHaving a baby in a new country can be challenging, especially if unable to communicate in a preferred language. The aim of this paper is to explore the provision of health information for Afghan women and men during pregnancy, childbirth and the first year after birth in Melbourne, Australia.MethodsCommunity engagement underpinned the study design. Qualitative study with bicultural researchers conducting semi-structured interviews. Interviews and focus groups were also conducted with health professionals.ResultsSixteen Afghan women and 14 Afghan men with a baby aged 4–12 months participated. Thirty four health professionals also participated. Verbal information provided by a health professional with an interpreter was the most common way in which information was exchanged, and was generally viewed favourably by Afghan women and men. Families had limited access to an interpreter during labour and some families reported difficulty accessing an interpreter fluent in their dialect. Availability of translated information was inconsistent and health professionals occasionally used pictures to support explanations. Women and men were unsure of the role of health professionals in providing information about issues other than pregnancy and infant wellbeing.ConclusionBoth individual and health system issues hinder and enable the availability and use of information. Consistent, understandable and ‘actionable’ information is required to meet the needs of diverse families. Health professionals need to be supported with adequate alternatives to written information and access to appropriate interpreters. Inconsistent provision of information is likely to contribute to low health literacy and poor maternal and child health outcomes.     

Are college students health literate?

Abstract

Objective: To examine the health literacy of college students. Participants: A convenience sample of 245 graduate and undergraduate college students. Methods: During February–April of 2018 participants completed the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy which assessed literacy on two passages describing a thyroid scan, and basic healthcare insurance information. Results: Most college students displayed adequate health literacy (99.2%). The ANOVA analyses revealed college classification was the most significant predictor, followed by ethnicity, sex, and primary language. Age was significantly related to health literacy, when holding college classification constant. Interestingly, college major, healthcare work experience, or having health care credentials were not predictors of health literacy. Conclusion: This group of college students had adequate health literacy skills. However, the results of this study revealed demographic disparities that suggest further study.     

Educating the labouring poor in nineteenth-century Suffolk

This article demonstrates the utility of a new source, prison registers, for the history of literacy and education in nineteenth-century England. It focuses on two sets of prison registers from the two county gaols in Suffolk, located at Ipswich and Bury St Edmunds, which contain personal information on 16,690 individuals over the period 1840 to 1878. First, the article examines the context in which personal information about prisoners was recorded and tests the data against benchmarks from other sources to prove its reliability. Second, the article employs two methods, statistical analysis and digital mapping, to study in depth the rich data on prisoners’ literacy and schooling. Finally, the article shows how the results of this analysis significantly revise our understanding of the prevalence of schooling among the labouring poor, the use of different types of schools, the role of the partially literate in the drive towards mass literacy, and the importance of life-long learning.     

提升中小学生阅读兴趣的实证研究——基于MIMIC模型的教学效能分析

提升学生的阅读素养是当前我国阅读课程教学改革的重要目标之一。本研究首次尝试将群文阅读这种新兴的阅读教学方式与传统的单本阅读教学方式进行对比研究，主要从提升学生阅读兴趣的效能方面进行分析与探讨。实验涉及我国中西部5个省市、6个区县共计1 231名中小学生，并使用MIMIC模型，在有效控制测量误差的基础上，对实证数据进行了量化建模与分析，通过分析发现，群文阅读教学对激发学生阅读的“情境兴趣”有更加显著的作用，具体表现为对学生阅读注意力、情感体验、探索意愿、价值感知的影响更大，同时也验证了Knogler提出的“情境兴趣模型”在阅读教学领域的适用性，从而为进一步推进我国中小学阅读课程教学改革提供了科学的数据支撑。因此，为提升中小学生阅读素养，在阅读教学中引入群文阅读这一新兴的教学方式，具有重要的实践价值和现实意义。     

MOOC背景下高校思想政治理论课教师信息素养的提升路径

MOOC背景下，高校思想政治理论课教师信息素养亟待提升，存在信息意识淡漠、信息知识缺乏系统性和创新性、信息能力欠缺等诸多问题。高校应创设条件，使思政课教师树牢信息意识，提高教师学习教育信息技术的积极性、主动性；丰富思政课教师的信息知识，健全教师参与教育信息技术培训的体制机制；营造健康和谐的信息环境，切实保障教师获取信息的畅通途径，不断适应新形势的要求，增强思想政治理论课的实效性。     

基于行为系统模型的农村中学英语教师专业发展策略研究

新的英语课程标准将“发展学生的英语学科核心素养”作为根本任务，这对英语教师的专业化水平提出了更高的要求。源于社会生态系统理论的行为系统模型，可为教师专业发展研究提供科学的思考框架。在深入分析行为系统模型的理论缘起、内涵结构基础上，全面梳理了现阶段农村中学英语教师专业发展状况以及存在的问题，从微系统、中系统、外系统、宏系统四个层次分别阐述了推动农村中学英语教师专业发展的策略，对保障英语课程标准的贯彻落实、中学英语教学质量的提升等具有一定的价值和意义。     

Effect of health literacy interventions on pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review

BackgroundLow health literacy has been associated with worse health outcomes, but little is known about the effectiveness of health literacy interventions developed for pregnant women.AimTo assess the effectiveness of health literacy interventions on pregnancy outcomes through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.MethodsRandomised controlled trials that assessed health literacy interventions designed to improve pregnancy outcomes were included. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018094958).FindingsOf the 1512 records initially identified, 13 studies were included. Three reported on decision-aid interventions, six on face-to-face interventions and four on written interventions (including computer-based interventions or information leaflets). The primary outcomes of interest for this systematic review were knowledge (10/13 studies) and health literacy (2/13 studies) with one study not reporting either primary outcome. A significant improvement in knowledge was found across the 10 studies, however the two studies which measured health literacy only assessed health literacy at a single time-point. Secondary outcomes including health behaviours, fetal outcomes and health-service utilisation were reported in 11 studies, with inconsistent results.DiscussionFew health literacy interventions have been developed specifically for pregnant women. Although health literacy interventions have the potential to improve knowledge and pregnancy outcomes, current evidence is limited by inconsistent outcomes and measurement, and limited use of health literacy theory to inform intervention design and content. Few studies directly measured health literacy.ConclusionMore research is needed to properly assess the effect of health literacy interventions on pregnancy outcomes. This research should include consideration of health literacy theory in the development of the interventions.