西部大开发以来地方政府政策演进及绩效评价

地方政府在区域经济发展中扮演着重要的角色,发挥着积极的作用．在西部大开发中应充分利用地方政府优势,促进区域协调发展。在西部大开发战略实施十周年之际,从西部大开发的提出背景出发,通过对地方政府在西部大开发中角色定位的研究,对十年来西部大开发中地方政府的政策进行回顾和梳理,并对其绩效予以评价。     

以科学发展观统领民族地方立法

科学发展观要求民族地方立法贯彻"以人为本,立法为民"的原则,无论是立法理念、立法内容、立法程序都要立足于民族地方各族群众的根本利益;科学发展观要求民族地方立法要体现科学性,使民族地方立法符合客观现实的发展要求,民族地方立法工作者要培育法理素质,提高立法的科技含量;科学发展观要求民族地方立法要为民族地方各项事业的全面、协调、可持续发展提供可靠的法律支持.     

Local linear fitting and improved estimation near peaks

The authors look into the problem of estimating regression functions that exhibit jump irregularities in the first derivative. They investigate the behaviour of the bias in the local linear fit and show the superior performance of appropriate one‐sided versions of the local linear fit near such irregularities. They then propose an improved estimation procedure based on data‐driven selection of a conventional or one‐sided local linear fit according to a residual sum of squares type of criterion. The authors provide theoretical results and illustrate the method both on simulated and real‐life data examples. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 453–475; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

An Adaptive Two-stage Estimation Method for Additive Models

Abstract.  In this paper, a two-stage estimation method for non-parametric additive models is investigated. Differing from Horowitz and Mammen's two-stage estimation, our first-stage estimators are designed not only for dimension reduction but also as initial approximations to all of the additive components. The second-stage estimators are obtained by using one-dimensional non-parametric techniques to refine the first-stage ones. From this procedure, we can reveal a relationship between the regression function spaces and convergence rate, and then provide estimators that are optimal in the sense that, better than the usual one-dimensional mean-squared error (MSE) of the order n ^−4/5 , the MSE of the order n ^{− 1} can be achieved when the underlying models are actually parametric. This shows that our estimation procedure is adaptive in a certain sense. Also it is proved that the bandwidth that is selected by cross-validation depends only on one-dimensional kernel estimation and maintains the asymptotic optimality. Simulation studies show that the new estimators of the regression function and all components outperform the existing estimators, and their behaviours are often similar to that of the oracle estimator.     

New aspects of Bregman divergence in regression and classification with parametric and nonparametric estimation

In statistical learning, regression and classification concern different types of the output variables, and the predictive accuracy is quantified by different loss functions. This article explores new aspects of Bregman divergence (BD), a notion which unifies nearly all of the commonly used loss functions in regression and classification. The authors investigate the duality between BD and its generating function. They further establish, under the framework of BD, asymptotic consistency and normality of parametric and nonparametric regression estimators, derive the lower bound of their asymptotic covariance matrices, and demonstrate the role that parametric and nonparametric regression estimation play in the performance of classification procedures and related machine learning techniques. These theoretical results and new numerical evidence show that the choice of loss function affects estimation procedures, whereas has an asymptotically relatively negligible impact on classification performance. Applications of BD to statistical model building and selection with non‐Gaussian responses are also illustrated. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 119‐139; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

当前研究高句丽归属的几个问题

研究高句丽归属问题 ,其理论原则必须放之四海而皆准。确定历史上一些国家的归属 ,主要应依据两点 :一是看它主要分布在哪一个国家的传统疆界之内 ;一是看它主要隶属于哪一国家的中央政权。据此应该肯定 ,高句丽长期以来主要是中国的少数民族 ,是中国的地方政权。应当承认中朝两国人民对高句丽双向继承的事实 ,但高句丽主要由中国所继承 ,不容否认。“一史两用”不可避免 ,但前提是必须辨明历史上归属的真相 ,而不应因此就把在别国疆域内本属别国的民族和政权说成是原属本国。如果再据此提出今天的领土要求 ,当属严重的政治问题 ,中朝两国人民都应坚决加以制止     

新时期地方高校科研项目申报管理中的要素分析--以国家社科基金项目为例

近年来,随着地方高校的蓬勃发展和对科学研究的日益重视,地方高校已成为申报各级各类科研项目的生力军。对地方高校而言,项目申报不仅反映出高校科研管理的能力和水平,也是对高校人才培养、制定激励政策、提升科学管理水平的系统体现。本文通过对地方高校成功申报国家社科基金项目经验做法的分析,提出了在加大政策力度、重视项目申报质量、增强学术自信等方面的对策意见,为相关部门及科研项目申报者提供借鉴和参考。     

中国超大城市常住外来和常住户籍人口居住－就业的空间错位--基于北京、上海和广州的实证

以北京、上海、广州作为中国超大城市的代表,探讨中国超大城市常住外来和常住户籍人口居住－就业空间错位的差异及其影响因素。总体而言,常住外来人口的居住－就业空间错位要高于常住户籍人口,且不同户籍属性人口的错位形态存在差异。分行业来看,公共管理和社会组织等公共服务业常住外来人口居住－就业空间错位程度相对较高,而制造业、居民服务和其他服务业常住户籍人口居住－就业空间错位程度相对较高。由计量分析发现,住房价格水平、就业集聚规模、高端产业比重和地区地方财政支出对不同户籍属性人口就业－居住空间分布差异均产生相似的影响;而租赁户数比重和低端产业比重对不同户籍属性人口的就业－居住空间分布则产生差异性的影响。     

宽容释义

流行的"宽容"概念,总体上属于自由主义的宽容,既广泛又模糊,需要进一步精确化。自由主义宽容是有边界的宽容,如果模糊了这种边界,就成为"过度宽容",会造成对社会的危害。道德宽容维护人的尊严和权利,尤其维护异己者作为人的尊严和权利,它具有普世价值,是一切领域宽容的道德基础。宽容包括全域宽容和局域宽容,全域宽容是没有边界的宽容,局域宽容是存在边界的宽容。具体领域的宽容是全域宽容和局域宽容的统一,是宽容的普遍性和特殊性的统一。     

中国地方公共品供给效率地区差异测度

采用两阶段DEA方法对我国地方公共品供给效率地区差异进行了测度.实证结果显示:我国地方公共品供给效率存在着较大的地区差异,呈现东高西低的态势.第二阶段在控制了外生变量的影响后发现,GDP水平高的地区并不意味着公共品供给效率就高;人口密度越大、工业集聚程度越高的地区,因成本产出因素折射出地方公共品供给效率越高;财政分权程度高的地区,地方公共品的供给效率相应较高,这在一定程度上表明二者的双向因果关系还取决于经济发展的阶段.