大学生“村官”工程中政府的职能定位

大学生“村官”工程对于社会主义新农村建设具有重大意义,然而现实中又存在着诸多不足,其中一个重要原因,就是政府职能定位的不足。大学生“村官”工程中的政府职能定位,既有动力因素,又有阻力因素。这一工作的路径选择应当是：明确合理地划分各级政府和政府各部门在大学生“村官”工程中的职能,创新政府对大学生“村官”的管理模式,建立并完善相关的制度和机制。     

Minimizing Social Desirability Bias in Measuring Sensitive Topics: The Use of Forgiving Language in Item Development

Abstract

Social science research has long been concerned with attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that are potentially objectionable, immoral, or illegal. These types of topics include, for example, racism, ableism, cheating, and stealing, among others. Referred to as “sensitive topics,” their investigation usually involves questions that require respondents to admit to attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that violate social norms, making their assessment susceptible to error due to social desirability bias. This article describes an empirical investigation of an approach to minimize this bias, the use of “forgiving language” in survey item development and the effect on item variability. Using secondary data initially collected as part of a measurement development study of mental health providers’ stigmatization of service users, 15 pairs of similar, thematically targeted items, varying with respect to wording approach were tested using a purposive sample of mental health providers (N?=?220). Findings indicate that items crafted in a forgiving manner were not significantly influenced by social desirability bias, in contrast to items developed in more traditional language. Additionally, forgiving language-items produced higher levels of agreement, on average, when compared to those written in more traditional language. More research is indicated, including systematic variation of wording approaches, but these results seem promising.     

从保护生态到经营生态：我国《森林法》价值观的转向

保护生态是人类对生态危机最直接的反应,其以生态与经济效益对立为理论基础,是为保护资源不受侵害为目的。森林法以保护生态为价值观体现为对森林等资源的消极保护,对林权予以限制,阻碍了市场机制的发挥。生态经济学的产生为经营生态价值观的确立提供了理论基础,森林生态系统要素的多样性、价值的多样性和巨大性等为经营生态提供了条件。以经营生态为价值观,森林法应当强化市场的作用,扩大市场主体的经营权。     

浅谈医院档案管理人员素质培养

医院档案工作应是医院管理工作的重要组成部分。但是,由于医院特别是基层医疗单位档案管理人员整体上技能素质偏低,知识结构失调,知识更新不够,严重影响了档案工作在医院管理工作中的重要作用。必须加强领导的重视程度,通过多种途径,如鼓励档案管理人员继续深造,到高层次的档案管理单位考察、学习,积极从事科研和交流活动等,才能担负起信息时代档案工作的重任。     

“Ghosts From the Past”: The Re-Emergence of Internalized Religious Stigma Following Diagnosis of HIV Among Northern Irish Gay Men

ABSTRACT

This article explores how previous exposure to religious homonegativity features in the sense-making process following HIV diagnosis in a homogenous sample of six gay men living in Northern Ireland. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to identify two key overarching themes: Negotiating authenticity in unsafe space, which relates to the experience of negotiating same-sex attraction within religious environments, and Re-emergence of religious shame in diagnosis, which relates to the way in which the men made sense of diagnosis from the position of having been exposed to religious homonegativity earlier in their lives. Findings demonstrate how the men negotiated their sexual orientation within religious contexts and how a reconstruction of God was necessary to preserve an authentic sense of self. Despite reaching reconciliation, HIV was initially appraised within a retributive religious framework that served to temporarily reinforce previously learned shame-based models of understanding this aspect of the self.     

Perceived Sexual Orientation of Men and Women with Eating Disorders and Obesity

ABSTRACT

The present study explores the perceived sexual orientation of hypothetical men and women with various eating disorders and obesity. Undergraduates were randomly provided with one vignette describing a male or female with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder, or obesity and were asked about the target’s likely sexual orientation. Significant differences emerged between male and female targets with AN and BN on the forced-choice question, with a greater percentage of participants indicating that the male targets were probably non-heterosexual. On continuous items, participants rated the female targets as significantly more likely to be heterosexual and significantly less likely to be homosexual than male targets. The general public may be more likely to perceive men with eating disorders as gay or bisexual relative to females with eating disorders. Perceived sexual orientation might be an important factor to consider when exploring the potentially unique perspectives of men with eating disorders.     

PrEP Whores and HIV Prevention: The Queer Communication of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

ABSTRACT

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been introduced as another biomedical tool in HIV prevention. Whereas other such tools—including post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and interruption of perinatal transmission—have been embraced by those impacted by HIV, PrEP has been met with more conflict, especially within the gay community and HIV organizations. The “PrEP whore” has come to designate the social value and personal practices of those taking PrEP. This study examines the “PrEP whore” discourse by using queer theory and quare theory. Within these theoretical vantage points, the study explicates four discursive areas: slut shaming, dirty/clean binaries, mourning the loss of condoms, and reclaiming the inner whore. The study illuminates possible discursive strategies that lie outside of the domains of public health and within the individual and community.     

A Comparative Study of Attitudes Toward Same-Gender Parenting and Gay and Lesbian Rights in Portugal and in Mexico

ABSTRACT

The belief that gay men and lesbians are unable to provide a stable environment in which to raise children fuels manifestations of sexual prejudice that are still highly prevalent in Portugal and Mexico. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes toward same-gender parenting and gay and lesbian rights, as well as beliefs about the controllability of homosexuality among a sample of 531 university students. A further aim was to assess the predictors of attitudes toward same-gender parenting. Results revealed the existence of ambivalent attitudes toward same-gender parenting. The belief that homosexuality is a choice and thus controllable in particular explained over 50% of the total variance of attitudes toward same-gender parenting. Being a man, older, and highly religious predicted higher levels of sexual prejudice regarding same-gender parenting. Comparative cross-cultural studies have the potential to highlight common features but also specificities of sexual prejudice.     

LGB Identity and Eudaimonic Well Being in Midlife

Eudaimonic well being refers to personal growth and having purpose and meaning in life. High levels of eudaimonic well being facilitate a positive life experience. The National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) data was used to test a model predicting eudaimonic well being as a function of sexual identity. Reporting a lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) identity was associated with lower eudaimonic well-being scores. Results also indicated that perceived daily discrimination, being female, and having less education were associated with lower eudaimonic well being; racial/ethnic minority status was associated with increased eudaimonic well being. These results are discussed in light of recent scholarship on understanding and promoting the well-being of sexual minority individuals.     

中小企业公司治理与银行外部监督

伴随着我国的产权制度改革,完善公司治理结构成为一个亟待解决的问题。中小企业的公司治理也是我国现阶段经济发展的要求,而银行对企业的外部监督,是中小企业公司治理结构的关键所在。