高知大龄未婚女性的婚恋问题浅析

在男女性别比居高不下。男性人口远远高于女性人口的当今中国,却出现了高知大龄未婚女性婚恋难问题,这一奇特的社会现象引起人们广泛的关注和热议。本文认为高知大龄未婚女性婚恋问题主要源于“结构性剩余”,在对高知大龄未婚女性婚恋难问题已有的多角度理论研究回顾的基础上．主要从人口与经济的视角对高知大龄未婚女性“结构性剩余”现象的原因进行深入发掘。最后提出一些解决问题的举措。     

The Varied Impact of Couple Relationship Breakdown on Children: Implications for Practice and Policy

This review of international literature assesses the impacts that the relationship breakdown of parents has on children and factors that can provide support should this occur. The parental separation process causes significant albeit short‐term distress for most children, with a minority reporting longer‐term outcomes such as socio‐economic disadvantage, behavioural problems, poor educational achievement, and physical and emotional health problems. Factors increasing the likelihood of sustained disadvantage include: poverty; poor parent–child relationships; continuing parental conflict, multiple transitions in family formation; and poor maternal mental health. Supporting the factors that can improve child outcomes, exploring opportune ways to strengthen couple and family relationships, and integrating the views of children (for example, in court‐based dispute resolution) are the leading implications for practice and policy.     

Marriage in the New Millennium: A Decade in Review

This review focuses on broad themes characterizing marital research in the past decade. In addition to continuing themes, such as a focus on conflict, violence, and impact on physical and mental health outcomes, we also address the impact of the Healthy Marriage Initiative on marital research and recent advances in methodology. We highlight an overarching theme that characterizes much of the literature: the importance of context in understanding marital outcomes and the impact of positive marital transactions and marital strengths. Given the increasing diversity of married couples, the attention given to context over the past decade has been timely and appropriate, providing an increasingly solid foundation for future research.     

Conflict,Power, and Violence in Families

Research on conflict, power, and violence in families in the 2000s developed a promising focus on the interconnections between types of violence and between the experience of violence and locations in larger structures of power and inequality. I examine research on poly‐victimization, typologies of violence, dyadic research, and links between violence and inequalities of gender, race, class, and sexual orientation. Additionally, this review evaluates research on the connections between violence in families and other arenas of family study, including teen pregnancy, marriage formation, cohabitation, and divorce. The review concludes with a discussion of studies showing declines in rates of abuse within families in the 2000s.     

Factors associated with placement breakdown initiated by foster parents – empirical findings from Germany

This study investigates the effects of covariates on the probability of placement breakdown in non‐kinship family foster care. Breakdowns are distinguished according to the initiator: children, carers, foster parents and the local child welfare authorities. The children concerned had entered foster care at ages ranging from 0 to a maximum of 17 years (n = 14 171). A significantly higher risk of breakdown on the initiative of the foster parents is found in male children, children whose parents receive financial support, children whose parents were removed from the register of carers, children who were between 6 and 15 years old when they joined the foster family, children who had earlier lived in a different foster family or residential care, children from patchwork families and children whose joining of a foster family was the result of disruptive social behaviour. Two‐thirds of the children from non‐kinship family foster care who stay in the foster family was ended on the initiative of the foster parents are subsequently looked after in residential care. That is three times the rate for all terminated foster relationships. Breakdowns on the initiative of the foster parents thus indicate a high risk of unstable care history developing and accordingly necessitate prevention strategies.     

Does the “Marriage Benefit” Extend to Same-Sex Union?: Evidence From a Sample of Married Lesbian Couples in Massachusetts

This study investigated the relationship between wellbeing and marital quality in a married lesbian sample from Massachusetts. Two hundred twenty five (225) participants responded to this mailed survey study. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Instrument (WHOQOL-Bref). DAS scores were a strong predictor of reported wellbeing in all quality of life domains including physical, psychological, and financial wellbeing. Results support the finding in the heterosexual marriage literature that healthy marriage is associated with distinct wellbeing benefits for lesbian couples. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

从夫妻财产制度的沿革论男女平等原则的逐步实现

世界上存在资本主义和社会主义两种性别法律制度演进模式,社会性别分析是研究男女平等问题的新方法。在我国,男女平等原则的宣示性规定具有社会主义性别法律制度演进模式的鲜明特征。随着夫妻财产制度的逐步完善,男女平等原则由形式平等向实质平等转变。物权法第99条关于共有财产分割的＂重大理由＂的规定,为夫妻财产规定的完善和男女平等原则的进一步实现提供了依据,婚姻法应予以细化。     

重读《傲慢与偏见》

《傲慢与偏见》是英国19世纪小说家简·奥斯丁的代表作。她用精湛的语言、变化多姿的描写以及对人性的透彻理解和理性的嘲讽,生动细腻地描写了彭伯里庄园和尼日斐庄园里的各种人物的婚姻关系。奥斯丁用戏剧化的手法和反讽的语调向人们揭示了资产阶级婚姻的＂经济学＂原理—金钱交易和利益的结合。     

Foster care placement breakdown in the Netherlands and Flanders: Prevalence,precursors, and associated factors

Family foster care is the option of choice for children in need of out‐of‐home care in Flanders and the Netherlands. Foster care is however a vulnerable intervention, and questions can be raised as to its efficacy. Although the literature on placement breakdown has made significant progress during the last years, empirical knowledge regarding breakdown in Flanders and the Netherlands remains scant. Consequently, this study aimed at investigating prevalence and precursors of breakdowns in long‐term foster care, the duration of placement before breakdown, and the association of child and placement characteristics with breakdown. Case files of 271 Dutch and 309 Flemish foster children were analysed with a coding scheme designed for this study. After 6 years, 398 placements had terminated: 169 placements broke down and 229 placements ended positively. Placements broke down mainly because of behavioural problems of the foster child, foster parents' parenting problems, and conflicts between birth and foster parents. Foster children with behavioural problems, older foster children, foster children denied treatment, and foster children in care because of sexual abuse were more at risk of breakdown. Assessing these factors is important when evaluating the appropriateness of a family foster care placement.     

积极的夫妻互动与婚姻质量——2011年北京市婚姻家庭调查分析

本文利用2011年北京市婚姻家庭会进行的调查数据,分析北京城区已婚人群的婚姻质量和影响因素。研究发现,多数夫妻对婚姻的评价是满意的。积极的夫妻互动是影响夫妻婚姻满意评价的重要因素,物质性因素对人们评价婚姻满意状况无显著关系。夫妻间积极性的互动关系包括：夫妻间积极的意见沟通、相互陪伴、有满意的性生活和知心。其中夫妻间的相知和默契是最重要的影响人们评价婚姻质量的因素。个人自评的身体状况和是否雇用保姆亦对人们评价婚姻满意状况有显著性影响。