从城乡一体到城乡分离——先秦至唐宋城乡关系述论

历史上的城乡关系经历了随着社会经济发展而发生分离与对立,又在社会经济发展的基础上相互依存联系密切,并将最终走向城乡一体共同协调发展的历史过程。在这一历史过程中,唐宋时期是一个重要转折点。在唐宋以前,城乡之间城乡一体的发展态势较为明显;唐宋以降,城乡关系逐渐分离并形成了"交相生养"的新型关系。     

荀子“天”论思想探析

荀子把"天"界定为自然意义上的存在,这种界定除了意味着传统意义上的天人相分外,还意味着天道相分.天道相分使天失去了传统意义上的宗教巫祝色彩和道德价值意蕴,把人从掺杂了各种人为赋给价值的天中解放出来并成为价值的主体.然而道并没有从荀子思想中消失,而是转化为礼,对人性和社会发挥着道德调节作用.荀子的这种天论思想直接决定了其思想路径,决定着其性论和礼论思想的产生,并且预设了人之于自然、人性自身和社会的价值投射.     

北京市市内人户分离人口状况研究

当前,市内人户分离现象已经成为北京及各大城市社会管理的一个重要问题。为了做好城市管理工作,本文根据2005年全国1%抽样调查数据,对北京市市内人户分离人口的变动趋势、人口学特征、社会经济特征以及人户分离原因等进行了分析,并探讨了解决市内人户分离问题的对策。     

选聘分离：我国城市社区治理的体制创新——以宁波海曙区为例

改革开放以来,各地在城市社区治理体制改革方面进行了积极的探索。其中,浙江宁波海曙区首创的＂选聘分离＂体制以它独有的优势成为我国城市社区治理体制创新的典型,并已在整个宁波市的社区治理中获得成功。＂选聘分离＂体制得到国家民政部及有关专家的肯定,认为对全国的社区治理有良好的借鉴作用。因此,有必要在理论上和实践上总结这一城市社区治理的＂宁波模式＂,以期更好地完善和推广＂选聘分离＂体制。     

关于主讲聘任、教考分离的试点与推广

本文总结我校无机化课教学实行主讲聘任、教考分离的试点和推广的经验 ,并探讨如何进一步完善这一试点工作     

Marital Conflict and Children's Emotions: The Development of an Anger Organization

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between anger‐based marital conflict and the development of an anger organization in children between the ages of 4 and 8 years old. Anger organization was defined as an adversarial approach to relationships demonstrated through (a) short‐term anger expressions during social interaction and (b) aggression in relationships. Seventy‐one children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, their mothers, and their teachers participated in the study. Mothers completed questionnaires on anger‐based marital conflict and on children's aggression. Sociometric ratings of anger and aggression were obtained from peers. Teachers supplied reports of children's aggression. Children's short‐term emotional expression and the circumstances that elicited emotions were observed during peer interaction. Anger‐based marital conflict was found to be strongly associated with peer, maternal, and teacher reports of aggression, but not with reports of internalizing symptomatology. Anger‐based marital conflict was also associated with short‐term anger expressions, but not with short‐term expressions of sadness. I argue that children develop an emotional organization in which anger predominates when they are exposed to high levels of anger‐based marital conflict.     

Changes in Housework After Retirement: A Panel Analysis

Grounded in family systems theory and based on panel data from the National Survey of Families and Households, this study shows that retirees spend more time with housework both in their own and their partner's domain than do continuously employed spouses. Moreover, husbands and wives spend less time with female chores if their partner retires. The data further reveal that the effect of changes in paid labor on housework time is contingent on the other spouse's employment as well as on gender roles and marital dependence. These findings are consistent with assumptions of interdependence among system parts and the hierarchical nature of transformation rules.     

Nonstandard Work Schedules and Marital Instability

Based on subsample of 3,476 married couples drawn from two waves of the National Survey of Families and Household, this study examines the extent to which working evening, night, or rotating schedules and weekends affects the likelihood of marriages ending in separation or divorce within approximately 5 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that this relationship depends on the presence of children and is specific to the type of nonstandard schedule, the gender of the spouse, and the duration of marriage. Among men with children, married less than 5 years at Wave 1, working fixed nights made separation or divorce some six times more likely relative to working days. Among women with children, married more than 5 years at Wave 1, working fixed nights increased the odds by three times, and might have had an effect during the earlier years of marriage as well (although not statistically significant). These findings are evident when controlling for the number of hours worked as well as for demographic variables, and when considering, in addition, the husband's and wife's gender ideologies and the extent to which couples spent time alone together. The question of whether spouses in troubled marriages are more likely to move into night or rotating shifts was explored, but this did not seem to be the case.     

Ambiguous position of the child in supervised meetings

The paper addresses the ambiguous nature of supervised meetings between children and their non‐residential parent(s) which, according to the current legal idea, should serve the best interest of the child. In Finland the meetings between the child and the non‐residential parent can be ordered supervised if there are justified grounds for assuming that they constitute a risk for the child's safety. In many parts of Europe the need for such kinds of meetings controlled by outsiders has increased. The aim of the paper is to consider the child's position and the closely related issue of the child's interest in supervised meetings, based on the daily experiences of the supervisors. Data are gathered by focus group interviews and analysed qualitatively in terms of categorization analysis. As a result, the child's position is an ambiguous phenomenon with multiple interests. Obviously the child's interests will be met in some cases, although paradoxically it is mostly the interests of the parents and most often the fathers, which seem to demand more attention. Thus adult‐centredness, meanings of gender, time together with both the positive and possible detrimental outcomes for the child need further reflection.     

基于平均自下而上时间的两种分类方法的比较

内容提要：诸如疾病分类系统的预后预测和分类方法,常可用于帮助进行临床管理决策。同一疾病总体常可得到多种分类方法,因此有必要比较这些方法以确定最优分类,或者寻找不逊于最优分类的替代方法。本文基于约束平均寿命引入分离度指标来度量分类方法的预后分类效率,这个指标可用来比较以生存时间为结局的两种分类方法的功效,特别是用于非劣性和等效性检验。我们给出了基于配对数据的两个分离度的估计与检验方法。模拟结果提示,检验方法在适当的样本量条件下能够控制第一类错误,两个实例表明在医学临床中的应用。