公共经济主体的多元化与政府治理结构的改革

20世纪70年代以来,新自由主义和西方公共经济学开始兴起。公共经济主体日益多元化,西方国家的政府治理结构出现了放任市场的转型。私人部门、第三部门、社区、国际组织纷纷成为公共经济的主体,甚至黑社会组织也为资产阶级提供公共产品。而对人民群众和社会主义国家来说,劳动者组织和公有制经济部门才是政府部门之外的最主要的公共经济主体。只要西方国家的政府还是资产阶级的政府,那么,无论其治理结构如何转型,都阻止不了政治经济危机的发生,相比之下,只有社会主义国家才有可能依靠人民群众来实现政府治理结构的改革,使国家的职能只限于几项符合普遍性、全国性目的的职能。其中比较重要的是实现政企分开,将国有资产管理委员会成建制地从各级政府划归同级人大管辖。     

分权制衡理论的发展脉络及其理论内核

分权制衡是西方政治学的重要理论,是“三权分立”思想的基础。分权制衡的思想在基督教义中就有体现,柏拉图、亚里士多德等人提出的古代混合政体理论也提出了分权思想,并且出现了三权分立的雏形,而中世纪的最大贡献则是立法权从王权和教权中分立出来。分权制衡思想的成熟分为两个阶段：即侧重于理论的启蒙思想发展阶段和在美国建国实践中完善的阶段。分权制衡理论基于对人性的一种悲观评价,是对人民主权理论所带来的“多数人的暴政”的一种限制和预防,是法治对人治的驱逐。     

Short- and long-term effects of divorce and separation on housing tenure in England and Wales

This paper investigates the effects of marital and non-marital separation on individuals’ housing tenure in England and Wales. We apply competing risks event history models to data from the British Household Panel Survey and the UK Household Longitudinal Study to analyse the risk of a residential move to different tenure types, for single, married, cohabiting, and separated men and women. Separated individuals are more likely to move and experience a tenure change than those who are single or in a relationship. Among separated people, private renting is the most common outcome of a move; however, women are also likely to move to social renting, whereas men tend to move to homeownership. This pattern persists when we account for time since separation and order of move, indicating a potential long-term effect of separation on housing tenure. This long-term effect is especially pertinent to separated women who cannot afford homeownership.     

Parental status and psychological distress among older Thais

This study examines whether childless older Thais are more vulnerable to psychological distress relative to older adults with children. Drawing from the 2011 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand (n = 37,936), zero‐inflated negative binomial regression methods examine psychological distress of childless older adults relative to coresident and noncoresident parents. Analyses further explore how gender and marital status moderate this relationship. Results show that 40% of older Thais did not experience any symptoms of psychological distress in the past month. Compared to coresident parents, noncoresident parents showed a higher likelihood of experiencing psychological distress but being childless was associated with increased symptoms of psychological distress. While the relationship between parental status and psychological distress did not significantly differ by gender, marital status presents a significant moderating effect. Specifically, widowed childless older adults and widowed noncoresident parents experienced more symptoms of psychological distress relative to their married counterparts. In collectivistic societies, where the family unit is highly valued, and institutional support is weak, being childless and unmarried may negatively affect one's psychological well‐being in later life. Children and marriage are protective for older Thais’ psychological well‐being. The implications for social welfare policies are discussed.     

经济体制转型时期政企分开与政府职能转变的思考

经济体制转型时期，政企分开与政府职能的转变具有密切的关系。两者不仅经历了在实践中逐步探索、逐步明确的历史发展过程，而且成为当前急需解决的紧迫任务。政府及其职能部门要适应角色转换的要求，建立和完善以间接手段为主的宏观调控体系。     

我国《民法典·婚姻家庭篇》夫妻财产立法若干基本问题探析

夫妻财产关系的发生以人身关系的存在为前提 ,这决定了夫妻财产制理应属于身份法范畴 ,但同时其又脱离不了财产法的性质。因此 ,在进行夫妻财产立法时应对影响其立法的相关因素进行必要的考虑 ,对其所遵循的基本原则重新进行设置 ,以体现夫妻财产立法的公平性与合理性。作者通过对夫妻财产制与民法中的一般财产关系的比较 ,探析了影响我国《民法典·婚姻家庭篇》夫妻财产立法的相关因素及立法时所应遵循的基本原则问题。     

隔离墙及其影响

以色列修建隔离墙一事一直受到世人关注，看法也各不相同。然而，究竟什么是隔离墙?隔离墙的影响有那些?如何看待以单方面修建隔离墙呢?     

Economic conditions,marital status,and the timing of first births: Results for whites and blacks

Relatively little is known about the effects of aggregate economic conditions on first-birth timing. In this paper, we argue that aggregate economic conditions are important macrolevel forces driving the transition to parenthood. We develop and test a causal model, separately by race, in which economic conditions influence both marital status and first-birth timing. Our results indicate that economic conditions are significant predictors of both outcomes, with economic conditions for females having effects different from those for males. A particularly noteworthy finding is that favorable wage trajectories for females lead to a decreased likelihood of being married and slower birth timing (a finding opposite to that predicted on the basis of opportunity costs). For blacks, the majority of the effects of economic conditions on the transition to parenthood are direct, while for whites a significant proportion of effects are indirect through marital status.     

对北京外来工的权利保护研究

本文通过对北京外来工遭遇的超时工作、拖欠工资、歧视、人身侵犯、辱骂、财物欺诈等侵权现象的实证研究,指出目前外来工权利受侵犯现象严重;虽然外来工对权益的自我保护意识不弱,但因为救济手段不足,目前外来工权利保护状况很差,侵权救济不充分;外来工社会权利保护不利的深层原因在于城乡分离的社会体制。