全球化背景下琪客文学在中国的接受

琪客文学出现在20世纪90年代的英美文坛,其热度一直经久不衰。但同期在中国出现的琪客文学却历遭口诛笔伐。进入21世纪以来,英美琪客文学登陆中国,并引发了本土琪客文学的创作。实际上,英美文化输出的全球化、消费主义的全球化及后女性主义的全球化,是琪客文学在中国被接受的深层次原因。     

赛珍珠后殖民主义意识初探

诺贝尔文学奖获得者赛珍珠虽一生关注父权文化下女性的生存和发展,却并不被西方女性主义所接受,究其原因主要有两点：一是其作品选材于地处第三世界的中国,二是作品对中国妇女的生存状况以及她们在既定环境下独特挣扎的描述超出了西方女性主义经验和想象范畴。这恰恰体现了赛珍珠超前的后殖民主义意识。中国的半殖民地半封建社会现实情况决定了赛珍珠笔下的女主人公不可能变成西方的“娜拉”,否则赛珍珠的小说就脱离了中国社会真实,没有任何信度可言。     

Gender and the state

The article argues from a Nordic, feminist and poststructuralist position that feminist state theories need to be developed methodologically. This claim is based on both theoretical arguments as well as empirical arguments arising from a case study on care politics in Denmark. In contrast to answering questions about the essence of the state, the aim of the article is to provide some analytical tools for studying the state. First, it focuses on two paradigms of feminist analyses of the state: differences between states (Nordic feminists), and differences within states (poststructural feminists). The article argues that each of the approaches has its merits and problems in terms of feminist engagements with the state. The second part explores an empirical case study on care politics in Denmark. The study illustrates the inadequacies of feminist approaches to the state to date. State discourses and policies on home-helpers are shown to have both empowering and disempowering effects on the women concerned. The third part of the article suggests a framework of three concepts believed to be helpful when analysing gender and the state: hegemony, contradictory effects and boundaries. The concepts are generated from the case study.     

Feminism and the Challenges of the "Post-Cold War' World

Women's political participation is increasing in many countries around the world, but their participation in democratic politics has not altered the neoliberal consensus that is harmful to their interests. Two reasons for this are explored here: the impact of the Cold War in shaping the post-Cold War discourse on markets and states, and the anti-state bias of much of contemporary feminist theory. The essay calls for a rethinking of the consequences of difference theories for feminist political practices, and for a renewed focus on redistributional issues.     

Reply by Jane Jaquette

Sawer's and Mansbridge's comments reinforce my concern that feminists are not taking the state as seriously as they need to in order to address redistributional issues. "Wary usage' of the state suggests an alternative to cooptation or opposition.     

Inhabiting her space

Reflecting on interview-narratives and exilic poetry, this article is focused on the lived experiences of Iranian-American women in the context of migration and exile after the incursion of the Iranian Islamic revolution of 1979. Iranian women in the USA have experienced the challenging geo-cultural journey that eventually, and at times significantly, distanced them from the culture of their place of birth and prepared them to embrace new multi-layered and composite spaces of identity and belonging. The article is based on in-depth interviews with twenty-five Iranian women immigrants. The focus of the inquiry is on developing a theoretical framework to understand the physical, psychological and emotional challenges of exile and displacement for this population, grounded in the exilic narratives of the women interviewed, as well as in the expression of three Iranian-American women poets. The analysis emphasizes the narrative and poetic passages as repositories of identity and belonging, and deconstructs these texts as epitomes of in-betweenness in the light of post-colonial and feminist theories.     

Not without my sister(s)

Less than two months after 11 September 2001, and a few weeks after the beginning of the US bombing campaign in Afghanistan, President George W. Bush made an urgent plea to see Iranian filmmaker Mohsen Makhmalbaf's Kandahar. Not only did the President want to see Kandahar; he encouraged US citizens to view it as well. This article offers two readings of Kandahar – the first suggestive of what its filmmaker Makhmalbaf saw in Afghanistan and the second suggestive of what Bush saw (or hoped to see) in Makhmalbaf's Afghanistan. In particular, this article focuses on how the Bush administration – against the intentions of Kandahar's director and star – propelled occidental subjects to ‘lift the veil’ on Afghanistan and on Afghan women by viewing Kandahar as if it positioned the feminine as a needy and willing object of US rescue. It was in part by laying this particular claim to the separated sisters of Kandahar that the Bush administration constructed a humanitarian US ‘we’ as among the foundations of its ‘moral grammar of war’ in the war on terror.     

Canadian Gender-Based Analysis Training in South Africa

Attempts to engender post-apartheid South Africa using a Canadian model of gender-based analysis training occurred through agreements between Status of Women Canada and the Office of the Status of Women in South Africa. Using a retrospective lens, I explore how my experience of delivering and evaluating such gender-based analysis training in South Africa holds moments of hope and solidarity yet, is also restricted by issues of power, representation and agency. Throughout this lived experience, the multi-faceted issues surrounding privilege and power as they are situated within race, gender, identity, place and location are explored. I question the state practices of gender mainstreaming, and whether or not transnational feminism can challenge and create changes within such a practice. The article includes data from a gender-based analysis training session and its subsequent evaluation, along with anecdotes, suggestions and a critique. With the push by national and international machineries to mainstream gender, this article offers a timely and critical perspective on the implementation and facilitation of such practices.     

Framing Feminism: News Coverage of the Women's Movement in British and American Newspapers, 1968–1982

This article analyses the framing in four British and American newspapers of the second-wave feminist movement during its most politically active period (1968–1982). Using content and critical discourse analysis of 555 news articles, the article investigates how movement members were represented, what problems and solutions to women's oppression/inequality were posed and whose voices were used. This paper identifies: opposition to the movement, support for the movement, conflict and movement defined in terms of its goals. In addition to exploring nuances in coverage across time and space, we use a feminist perspective to make political statements about how gendered hierarchies function through media discourse, and argue that the circulation of patriarchal and capitalist ideologies worked to prevent women's equal partnership with men in both countries.