藏区民间调解存在的困境及脱困路径研究--以青海果洛藏区“斯巴”为例

在国家推行依法治理、源头治理以及构建法治社会的背景下,藏区防控矛盾纠纷的民间调解经由何种路径臻达法治化轨迹且与国家法律渐趋调适,是值得关注的焦点。以青海果洛藏区"斯巴"调解为切入点,通过调研"斯巴"调解的现状发现,社会转型时期因调解员文化素养偏低难以应对新型纠纷、调解纠纷时情理与法律理解适用上错位以及网络调解平台使用率低等问题依然存在。建议从人员准入、过程防控、结果认定方面着手,建构依据纠纷类型聘人的"1+N"人员准入标准、"多元一体"普法模式、以村规民约规范调解依据、调解结果"准司法确认"审查机制以及完善网络平台保障机制的多元路径,使藏区民间调解在藏区法治化进程中日臻完善,进而助推藏区法治社会建设。     

A case study on a generalist service delivery model for street children in Durban,South Africa: Insights from the capability approach

This paper adopts a qualitative case study on the generalist service delivery model of I‐Care, a Durban‐based non‐governmental organization that works with male street children. Fifteen face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 10 I‐Care employees and 5 former street children. A focus group was set up with I‐Care employees. Although existing literature is forthright about a generalist approach for children at risk, it remains unclear how to implement this approach in practice. This paper reviews a continuity of 5 fundamental social work practices for working with street children: (a) outreach work, (b) child–family and child–community mediation, (c) transitory care centres and programmes, (d) brokerage, and (e) mentorship and follow‐ups. The study analyses how these practices contribute to the capability and agency expansion of the street children and outlines challenges that service providers and former street children experience. The main challenges acknowledged are balancing between the agency and protection of street children and the adaptation of children to street life. The study proposes intervention strategies to overcome these challenges.     

环境传播视角下新媒体对河长制议题的建构与调解

河长制作为环境议题,在新媒体环境下,牵扯到多种行动者之间的复杂联动关系.研究选取三类新媒体平台作为研究对象,以实际资料为基础,将人民网、中国生态文明网和微博大V的河长制议题报道作为样本,以实际资料为基础建立一个研究模型,探讨三类河长制议题建构过程的现状与问题,分析新媒体对河长制议题进行建构的过程.研究发现,3个新媒体行动主体的议题建构能力和方式相互补充,各有侧重.新媒体作为媒介行动者,应扮演调解感知角色和行使调解行为的功能,更好发挥自身功能,从而使得多元行动者的行动得以协调,推动河长制议题的有效建构和传播.     

对我国离婚调解制度的思考

法院调解在离婚诉讼中是一个必经程序,但我国婚姻法、民事诉讼法对这一制度的立法不够完善,应当在离婚诉讼中建立专门的离婚调解规则:规定离婚调解中的和解制度;对参与离婚调解案件的法官的综合能力应有具体要求,并特别注重对其法律工作以外的社会经验的培养;实行离婚调解和离婚判决的分离,加强我国离婚诉讼中调解的功能,最大限度保护妇女及未成年子女的权益。     

论环保法庭的调解机制

环境保护领域纠纷的复杂性需要专业的纠纷解决机制,这为环保法庭的设置提供了必要性论证。环保法庭的调解机制,能够增强环保法庭的公信力,有助于化解环保法庭的生存危机;能够与环保法庭的诉讼程序相配合,有助于提高司法效率。中国相关法律、最高人民法院的规范性文件等构设了环保法庭调解机制的基本框架。但是,这一框架比较粗疏。环保法庭调解人员的选任,应加强专业化。     

维果茨基元认知中介思想与当代美国教学研究

30年代 ,维果茨基提出了作为儿童学习与发展主要途径的两种中介类型———元认知中介与认知中介。其中元认知中介是指自我调控符号学工具的获得 ;认知中介则是指描述某类现象本质的科学概念的获得。进入 2 0世纪 80 - 90年代 ,美国教学心理研究领域吸收了维果茨基的元认知中介的思想 ,提出了“学习者共同体中的指导发现”的概念。对这些研究的分析表明 ,将维果茨基两种中介类型结合起来 ,形成一种新的教学程序 ,可促进学生更为有效的学习     

For the child's sake: parents and social workers discuss conflict-filled parental relations after divorce

After a divorce, the former partners have to form new relationships between themselves as parents, and with their children. What does this reconstruction involve? What are the tasks facing the parents? What are the areas of conflict? This paper attempts to answer these questions. Eight initial sessions of parental mediation were chosen for the analysis. The analysis indicates that statements about the ways in which parents are entitled to their children, and vice versa, are common denominators for the transition from nuclear family parenting to post‐nuclear family parenting. In the sessions, parents dealt with this duty by fighting a battle for a place in the children’s lives. The battles were expressed in negotiations about time and place. The analysis revealed two different solutions to the problem of the parents’ entitlements. One was the creation of the homogeneous family, with one parent and the children living together in a close relationship, giving the other parent visiting rights. The other was to form a heterogeneous family, based on the idea that it is possible to build a childhood on differences and dissimilarities. Most of the conflicts originated from parents’ efforts to create homogeneous families.     

What Drives Progressive Policy? Institutional Politics,Political Mediation,Policy Feedbacks,and Early U.S. Old‐Age Policy

What drives progressive public policy? Because progressive policy challenges the interests of powerful people and interests that dominate policy making, it is puzzling that progressive policy ever happens. This article addresses this question by modeling and appraising institutional political, political mediation, and policy feedback theories and models of progressive policy making. Institutional political theory focuses on political institutional conditions, bureaucratic development, election results, and public opinion. Political mediation theory holds that social movements can have influence over progressive policy under favorable political conditions. Policy feedback theory holds that programs will be self‐reinforcing under certain conditions. The article goes beyond previous research by including and analyzing public opinion in institutional political and political mediation models and addressing positive policy feedbacks. We appraise five models derived from these three theories through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses of the generosity of early old‐age policy across U.S. states at two key moments. We find some support for each theory, and the results suggest that they are complementary. Left regimes or social movements can initiate progressive policy, which can be reinforced for the long term through positive policy feedback mechanisms. We discuss the implications for current U.S. politics and for progressive policy elsewhere.     

A Qualitative Study of Parents’ and Children’s Views on Mediation

This qualitative study examined the benefits to children of family mediation for divorcing couples and the limitations of such mediation. To capture the perspectives of parents and their children, we invited 40 parents and 10 children to participate in the study. The parent informants reported that mediation improved the efficacy of their parenting and alleviated their children’s stress about their divorce. In contrast, the child informants felt they were powerless when involved in the mediation process and that they received limited support from the mediators. Strategies are proposed for improving the cultural applicability of mediation services for children in a Chinese society.     

自然与社会的双向中介:关系本体论之证伪——《马克思的自然概念》的深度解读

:法兰克福学派第二代理论家施米特在《马克思的自然概念》一书中提出了社会与自然的双向中介关系论。他在马克思经济学手稿的理解之上正确地坚持了唯物主义的立场 ,以反对青年卢卡奇的社会存在 (关系 )本体论 ,可是 ,他用以反对关系本体论的法宝却是自然唯物主义的“自然倒退”说。这种论证其实是对马克思“物质变换”概念的非法挪用。一方面 ,施米特口口声声反对一切哲学本体论 ,另一方面 ,他又在自然必然性的基始性中坠入最陈旧的自然物质本体论