反思、重构：我国法院调解制度

在新时期,我国法院调节制度存在诸如立法结构不合理等弊端。对此,一要构建调审分离的制度;二要缩小调解适用范围,维护裁判权威;三是调解程序应由当事人启动,并规定调解的期限;四是限制当事人的"反悔权"。     

负债水平对家庭经济脆弱性的影响

家庭经济脆弱性反映了居民家庭可能陷入财政危机的状态,在经济不确定性较高的当下,中国居民家庭应对风险的能力有待进一步加强。基于2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)微观数据,实证检验了家庭负债对经济脆弱性的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：负债规模扩张显著提升了家庭经济的脆弱性,资产负债率每增加1个标准差,家庭经济危机发生的概率约增加0.91个百分点。居民健康状况、应急储蓄在负债与家庭经济的脆弱性之间发挥中介作用,即家庭负债的增加,会导致户主健康状况恶化,降低家庭应急储蓄水平,从而加剧其经济脆弱性。异质性检验结果表明,相对于城镇家庭,农村家庭更容易受到金融排斥,其应对风险冲击的能力更差,家庭经济脆弱性更高;同时,领取政府补助和拥有多套住房的家庭应对风险的能力更强,家庭经济脆弱性更低。因此,政府应当重视引导居民家庭合理负债,构建更加完善的健康服务体系,必要时提供适当的应急储蓄,以提升居民家庭的总体福利水平。     

形而上学的辩证本质——阿多尔诺对亚里士多德的解读和批评

阿多尔诺在其关于形而上学的课程中对亚里士多德哲学的解读,对于理解否定的辩证法具有重要意义。在阿多尔诺看来,亚里士多德是第一个形而上学家,因为只是在他那里抽象概念与感性世界间的关系才第一次得到自觉、认真的对待。这种关系本身就表明了形而上学内在的辩证结构。亚里士多德提出“这个”、“质料”等概念,试图使非概念的领域概念化。而这类概念恰恰昭示着非概念物的不可消逝性,从而成为非概念物的踪迹。这些踪迹的存在表明了形而上学的不完整性,并将形而上学的问题引向了形而上学之外。阿多尔诺认为亚里士多德在形式与质料、特殊与普遍的关系中意识到了中介问题,但由于其对主体反思的完全陌生,这种中介只是一种“中庸”,而非辩证的中介。亚里士多德哲学中包含的非同一物的踪迹对于阿多尔诺反思近代形而上学也具有重要意义。     

我国公司司法解散中若干程序问题的思考

我国《公司法》仅在第183条规定了司法解散制度,但内容单薄,规定原则,缺乏应有的可操作性。就程序问题的规定而言,几乎近于空白。司法解散之诉中的合并、法院的强制调解、与清算程序的衔接、起诉主体的扩张等程序问题等均有待补充。     

共情对网络利他行为的影响：宽恕的中介作用

目的:调查研究共情对当代青年网络利他行为的影响以及宽恕在两者之间是否存在中介作用。方法:采用中文版人际反应指针量表,Hearland宽恕量表与网络利他行为量表对461名青年展开问卷调查。结果:青年宽恕、共情以及网络利他行为之间两两显著正相关;青年的共情和宽恕水平都对网络利他行为有正向预测作用,且宽恕在共情与网络利他行为中起部分中介作用。结论:共情能直接影响网络利他行为,也能通过影响宽恕而间接影响网络利他行为;宽恕在共情对网络利他行为的影响中起部分中介效应。     

Children's participation in post-divorce decision-making: The role of conflict and attachment

Increased child participation in decision-making about custody and visitation when parents separate is an explicit political goal. This study delineates central family processes associated with child participation in post-divorce decision-making, both in mediation and in the home. Children recruited to the Dynamics of Family Conflict Study at Norwegian family counselling centres (7–15 years, n = 554) completed surveys about interparental conflict, attachment security and whether they had been invited to participate in mediation and share their views at home. Results showed a strong correlation between the two decision-making arenas as children who were invited to participate in mediation were also more likely to have been asked about their views at home, and vice versa. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses indicated that attachment security to mothers predicted that children were invited to participate in mediation. Older children were more likely to have been invited to participate both at home and in mediation. More child-related interparental conflicts predicted that children did not know if they had been consulted at home. The study points to the need for developing better practices for including younger children.     

Parental unemployment and children's educational attainment: How big is the role of aspirations?

Children exposed to parental unemployment have been found to lag behind in school, but research has struggled to pin down the underlying explanation. One hypothesis is that parental unemployment may dampen children's aspirations to do well and go far in school. Yet, few studies on parental unemployment have relied on actual measures of children's aspirations or devised a formal analysis of this mechanism. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (Waves 1–12, N = 1067), I investigate the role of educational aspirations in children's General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) attainment. I compare adolescents exposed to parental unemployment before or only after the typical age at which GCSE exams are taken. In adjusted models, children exposed to parental unemployment before their GCSEs are around 6 percentage points less likely to attain any GCSE qualification by age 17. On average, children have high educational aspirations, although intentions to enrol in college or university are relatively lower among children exposed to an early spell of parental unemployment. Nevertheless, a hypothetical intervention setting these aspirations to the same level for all children only accounts for a modest portion of the educational penalty tied to an early spell of parental unemployment. Several sensitivity and robustness tests support this conclusion. This note seeks to stimulate more research on the mechanisms underpinning the intergenerational effects of unemployment. Findings cast doubts on the idea that children's aspirations, the target of broader policy discourse and interventions, are a crucial part of the equation.     

Income inequality,cultural capital,and high school students' academic achievement in OECD countries: A moderated mediation analysis

This study examines how social context, in this case, income inequality, shapes the role of cultural capital in educational success. First, we revisit the associations between (objectified) cultural capital and academic achievement, and cultural capital's role in mediating the relationship between family SES and academic achievement. More importantly, we explore how national-level income inequality moderates these two relationships. By analyzing a multilevel dataset of 32 OECD countries, a combination of PISA 2018 data and several national indexes, we find that: (1) cultural capital not only has a positive association with students' academic achievement but also acts as a significant mediator of the relationship between family SES and academic achievement in OECD countries; (2) both cultural capital's association with academic achievement and it's mediating role are stronger in more equal countries than in unequal ones. The findings shed new light on understanding how cultural capital shapes intergenerational education inequality across countries with different levels of inequality.     

法律环境对银行不良贷款回收的影响机制研究

不良贷款回收是商业银行服务实体经济、提高资产质量的重要环节。部分企业由于法律意识薄弱，违约后受到的惩罚力度低，故意逃废债，加剧了不良贷款的风险累积。可见地区法律环境在不良贷款的回收中起着重要作用。本文基于某全国性商业银行的企业不良贷款回收数据，运用中介效应检验模型，研究了法律环境对不良贷款回收的影响机制和路径。结果发现，法律环境对不良贷款的回收有显著正向影响。对规模较大的企业，法律保护的作用显著；对规模较小的企业，法律执行的作用显著。法律保护通过贷前约束机制作用于回收率，抵押和担保的中介路径效应显著；法律执行通过贷后监管机制作用于回收率，失信被执行人的中介路径效应显著。银行在业务中要考虑地区法律环境制定相应的贷款审批和回收要求，政府需要从法律保护和法律执行两方面营造更好的法律环境，从而提高不良贷款回收率。     

区域创新与经济高质量发展影响研究*——基于产业结构中介效应的实证检验

区域创新显著促进了经济发展。依据世界银行1995—2019年199个经济体数据,运用中介效应模型和分组检验,构建综合分析框架。研究结果表明:理论上,区域创新可以通过产业结构赋能经济发展。实证上,测度了经济体的区域创新和高质量发展的综合水平,并以各个产业的出口占比刻画了经济体的产业结构,在此基础上进行中介效应分析。区域创新显著促进了经济发展,技术创新、市场创新和组织创新对经济发展具有线性正向关系,产品创新和资源配置创新呈现倒U型结构,这一结论在分组和替代变量等稳健性检验后仍然成立。作用机制的分析显示,区域创新促进技术密集型产业发展,加速了人力资源密集型和自然资源密集型产业的转型与退出。