对"战争文学"的反思

杨义从东亚学的角度阐发了战争的历史记忆,认为我们今天所要讨论的历史记忆,就是从文学与战争的关系中,正视和剖析那场沉重的东亚地图的撕裂和反撕裂的战争,及其至今尚未得到平复的严重的后遗症,从中寻求人类的正义感、责任感民族以及民族和国家之间正常、健康、和好、互惠发展的历史可能性。严家炎探讨了抗战时期启蒙与救亡的关系,认为在抗日战争这个"救亡"的高潮时期,文学中的"启蒙"仍与"抗日"结伴而行,并没有停止。"启蒙"任务后来被取消,真正的原因在革命队伍内部,是封建思想侵袭革命队伍的结果。王富仁一方面分析了战争记忆与战争文学之间的区别,认为战争文学应当是作家从战争记忆中做出的一种人性的反思;另一方面分析了中外战争文学的差异,认为理想的战争文学应当充盈可贵的人类意识和人性意识。黄修己对战争文学做了深刻的反思,认为我们在政治层面上歌颂正义战争的同时,还应该从人性层面上批判战争。战争文学最主要的不是战争中的宣传鼓动作用,而是通过影响人的感情来提升人性。吴福辉提出了"大抗战文学"的概念,并深入分析了五种类型的"战争体验"小说,认为这些作品将战时特殊的体验延伸到对民族性的自省,凝结为战争文学的最好的结晶。刘增杰深入论述了抗战反思文学思潮,认为在这种反思文学中,一类偏重于对现实政治层面弊端进行揭露与鞭挞;另一类则站在人类的立场,从精神层面对民族惰性进行剖析。指出:反思文学是抗战文学结出的最成熟的果实,抗战反思文学中保留着永具活力民族记忆。秦弓将眼光投向了已经淡出人们历史记忆的反映抗日战争正面战场的文学创作和文学研究,认为表现正面战场的文学创作取得了丰硕的成果,留下了关于抗战的珍贵的民族记忆。应该珍惜这笔宝贵的文学财富,全面启动抗战文学与正面战场的研究,借以填补现代文学史不应有的空白。     

“文化—资本”框架:对历史文化村镇文化资源保护与传承的新解读

对历史文化村镇文化资源的传统解读,主要基于社会记忆等理论,形成了“文化—记忆”框架。但随着文化资源日益复杂多样,与社会的互动关联更为深刻,传统解读框架难以支撑。本文基于文化资本理论,将历史文化村镇文化资源置于“文化—资本”的框架中加以审视,实现了对其对象范畴和社会互动的新解读,焕发了历史文化村镇文化资源在当下的新活力。     

Refined Inference on Long Memory in Realized Volatility

There is an emerging consensus in empirical finance that realized volatility series typically display long range dependence with a memory parameter (d) around 0.4 (Andersen et al., 2001 Andersen , T. G. , Bollerslev , T. , Diebold , F. X. , Labys , P. ( 2001 ). The distribution of realized exchange rate volatility . Journal of the American Statistical Association 96 ( 453 ): 42 – 55 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Martens et al., 2004 Martnes , M. , Van Dijk , D. , De Pooter , M. ( 2004 ). Modeling and forecasting S&P 500 volatility: Long memory, structural breaks and nonlinearity. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 2004-067/4 . [Google Scholar]). The present article provides some illustrative analysis of how long memory may arise from the accumulative process underlying realized volatility. The article also uses results in Lieberman and Phillips (2004 Lieberman , O. , Phillips , P. C. B. ( 2004 ). Expansions for the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the fractional difference parameter . Econometric Theory 20 ( 3 ): 464 – 484 . [Google Scholar], 2005 Lieberman , O. , Phillips , P. C. B. ( 2005 ). Expansions for approximate maximum likelihood estimators of the fractional difference parameter . The Econometrics Journal 8 : 367 – 379 . [Google Scholar]) to refine statistical inference about d by higher order theory. Standard asymptotic theory has an O(n ^?1/2) error rate for error rejection probabilities, and the theory used here refines the approximation to an error rate of o(n ^?1/2). The new formula is independent of unknown parameters, is simple to calculate and user-friendly. The method is applied to test whether the reported long memory parameter estimates of Andersen et al. (2001 Andersen , T. G. , Bollerslev , T. , Diebold , F. X. , Labys , P. ( 2001 ). The distribution of realized exchange rate volatility . Journal of the American Statistical Association 96 ( 453 ): 42 – 55 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Martens et al. (2004 Martnes , M. , Van Dijk , D. , De Pooter , M. ( 2004 ). Modeling and forecasting S&P 500 volatility: Long memory, structural breaks and nonlinearity. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 2004-067/4 . [Google Scholar]) differ significantly from the lower boundary (d = 0.5) of nonstationary long memory, and generally confirms earlier findings.     

Testing Fractional Order of Long Memory Processes: A Monte Carlo Study

Testing the fractionally integrated order of seasonal and nonseasonal unit roots is quite important for the economic and financial time series modeling. In this article, the widely used Robinson's (1994 Robinson , P. M. ( 1994 ). Efficient tests of nonstationary hypotheses . J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 89 ( 428 ): 1420 – 1437 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) test is applied to various well-known long memory models. Via Monte Carlo experiments, we study and compare the performances of this test using several sample sizes.     

ESTIMATION OF PARAMETERS IN ARFIMA PROCESSES: A SIMULATION STUDY

It is known that, in the presence of short memory components, the estimation of the fractional parameter d in an Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average, ARFIMA(p, d, q), process has some difficulties (see [1] Smith, J., Taylor, N. and Yadav, S. 1997. Comparing the bias and misspecification in ARFIMA models. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 18(5): 507–527. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). In this paper, we continue the efforts made by Smith et al. [1] Smith, J., Taylor, N. and Yadav, S. 1997. Comparing the bias and misspecification in ARFIMA models. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 18(5): 507–527. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar] and Beveridge and Oickle [2] Beveridge, S. and Oickle, C. 1993. Estimating fractionally integrated time series models. Economics Letters, 43: 137–142.  [Google Scholar] by conducting a simulation study to evaluate the convergence properties of the iterative estimation procedure suggested by Hosking [3] Hosking, J. 1981. Fractional differencing. Biometrika, 68(1): 165–176. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. In this context we consider some semiparametric approaches and a parametric method proposed by Fox-Taqqu[4] Fox, R. and Taqqu, M. S. 1986. Large-sample properties of parameter estimates for strongly dependent stationary gaussian time series. The Annals of Statistics, 14(2): 517–532. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. We also investigate the method proposed by Robinson [5] Robinson, P. M. 1995a. Log-periodogram regression of time series with long range dependence. The Annals of Statistics, 23(3): 1048–1072. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and a modification using the smoothed periodogram function.     

灾害短视频的拟像共同体传播：内聚焦叙事、价值转向与纪念仪式

为揭示灾害现场亲历者如何在媒介场域通过“影像文本”将“远处的灾难”的“感知物质空间”转化为大众切身体验的“共通意义空间”,探寻中介化过程中媒介叙事手法的基本机制及其价值转向,本文聚焦于重庆山火现场及土耳其地震亲历者发布的短视频在网络社交媒体“出圈”现象。灾害亲历者以第一人称视角拍摄的短视频通过内聚焦叙事与围观者跨越时空距离进行多维度的信息、情感、价值沟通,在中介化连接与扩散过程中增强“远处的灾难”的可感知度,并寻求社会性协助与支持,在媒介的纪念仪式中实现集体记忆认同的动态协商和反思性重构,由此有助于理解普罗大众“自传记忆”零碎的经验性文本自主传播进入社会公众视野,与专业媒体的职业创作共同构建“拟像共同体”的价值与意义。     

彝族传统民歌与流行音乐交汇的时代文化记忆研究

彝族传统民歌与流行音乐的交汇,影响了彝族时代文化记忆的表述。通过对彝族传统民歌与彝族流行音乐作比发现,不论是传统民歌,还是流行音乐,都体现了民族的时代思考与文化智慧。彝族传统民歌以生产生活和神话、历史等为基础进行编唱,倾向于描述场景或民俗文化,进而表达感情。彝族流行音乐则以传统文化为引,吸纳时代文化元素,借用流行音乐的要素创作,形成新型彝族民歌。在数智时代背景下,传统民歌与流行民歌呈现受众广、传播路径多元、形式多样等特点,并共同传唱民族文化。由此,彝族传统民歌与现代流行音乐的交汇,丰富了民歌的形式,影响了民族文化的时代表达。     

Change-Point Estimation in Long Memory Nonparametric Models with Applications

We consider the estimation of a change point or discontinuity in a regression function for random design model with long memory errors. We provide several change-point estimators and investigate the consistency of the estimators. Using the fractional ARIMA process as an example of long memory process, we report a small Monte Carlo experiment to compare the performance of the estimators in finite samples. We finish by applying the method to a climatological data example.     

Older sibling contribution to younger children's working memory and cognitive flexibility

We used structural equation modeling in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort (N = 17,020) to explore the influence of having an older sibling on kindergarten‐age focal children's cognitive self‐regulation. In model 1, we tested how having a sibling who is generally older than the focal child contributes to the focal child's working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF) upon entering kindergarten. In model 2, we assessed the contribution to the focal child's kindergarten WM and CF of having an older sibling in a non‐proximal age range (age 12–18) or not having siblings relative to having an older sibling in a proximal age range to the focal child (up to age 11). In model 3, we considered the contribution of having an older sister, an older brother, or both an older sister and an older brother of any age. Having an older sibling in general was associated with increased kindergarten WM, whereas having an older sister was related to increased WM and CF. Compared to having a proximal older sibling, having no siblings and having a non‐proximal older sibling were related to decreased WM and CF. Findings have implications for involving siblings in family interventions in early childhood.     

Now and again: Eventful experience as a resource in senior activism

ABSTRACT

Shared memories shape relations among social movement participants and their organizations. However, scholars often ignore how experience operates as a means of solidifying attachment in group contexts. In contrast, I argue that activism depends on how participants publicly recall events. In this, I integrate a social memory perspective with the examination of activist movements. Through narrative, participants build engagement by presenting the self-in-history as a model for collective action. I refer to this as eventful experience, utilizing memorable moments as a resource for generating commitment. Movements depend upon members communicating the critical moments of their lives, embedding personal timelines in group culture. The linkage of personal experience and public events is a strategy by which individuals motivate collective action. Drawing on a thirty-month ethnography of a progressive senior citizen activist group in Chicago, I examine how members use an awareness of temporality to build a culture of action. Each movement group uses the past experiences of participants to build their culture – what Jasper refers to as taste in tactics, incorporating past successes, present plans, and imagined futures into a call for direct action.