A review of the effectiveness of empowering leadership

Based on a review of empirical literature on empowering leadership, given incongruent and mixed results, the current work suggests reconsidering the effectiveness of empowering leadership. We propose a framework for examining the effectiveness of empowering leadership that considers: 1) feasibility of non-linear main effects of empowering leadership on work-related outcomes, 2) possibility of reverse causation between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, 3) potential contradictory mediating mechanisms through which empowering leadership influences work-related outcomes, 4) consideration of boundary conditions which could alter the relationships between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, and 5) consideration of levels-of-analysis and multilevel issues in empowering leadership. Our framework considers the multifaceted nature of empowering leadership and offers a guiding tool for advancing future research in this area.     

民事诉讼中争点的识别与整理

本文讨论识别和整理争点的方法。争点依赖当事人的有效争执,由当事人建构。争点要有效建立,至少需要当事人就具体问题存在真正的争议,且与本案有关联。因此,在当事人建构争点的过程中,法官需要依法律给予适当的引导、释明,还需对当事人之间的争执分类分层进行整理。为了能进行释明和整理,法官有必要预先作出识别。如此,整个审判才可能条理清晰、具体明确,争点的解决与本案争议的处理之间的关联才可能是明晰的。     

苏联民族问题对苏联解体的影响及其启示

苏联的解体之所以被称为覆亡，就是因为各加盟共和国分崩离析标志着苏联的终结，而苏联在社会主义实践过程中错误的民族政策，是导致各民族离开联盟的重要原因，这些民族政策导致了大规模的民族冲突，破坏了社会生产和国家机器的运转，撕裂了苏联社会。苏联的这些经验教训，为我国处理民族问题提供了许多有益启示。     

Glossing inadequacies: problems with definitions of key concepts in some methodology texts

It is argued in this paper that a significant number of definitions of terms provided in currently available methodological texts are inadequate or positively misleading. Some do not cover the main meaning of the term but focus instead on a non-standard one. Others fail to pick out the distinctive features of what is being defined. There are also those that fail to indicate relationships to related terms or those with similar meanings. Finally, there are some definitions that are simply incorrect in significant respects. It is argued that defective definitions are worse than useless and are a disservice to students.     

Images,Ideology, and Praxis in the Environmental Movement: Sebastião Salgado’s Genesis Project

This article is part of a panel discussion addressing the sociological relevance of Sebastião Salgado’s work as well as documentary photography in general. ² I focus specifically on environmental sociology.     

The press and Alitalia's 2008 crisis: Issues, tones, and frames

Given that public opinion about a company's performance during a crisis is highly influenced by the way news media cover crisis events, studies that look at news media's choice of crisis issues, tones and frames are extremely valuable. This paper presents the main findings of a study on how the Italian and international press framed the Italian national airline Alitalia and its crisis in 2008 before its privatization. This study is based on content analysis of news articles published in 2008 in two Italian and two international newspapers. Comparisons of crisis issues, tones and frames between the Italian and international press are made. Implications and recommendations for crisis managers are discussed as well as directions for further research.     

中国的中东热点外交：历史、理念、经验与影响

本文首先对中东热点问题的类型、影响,热点外交的基本概念进行了理论阐释。在此基础上,本文对中国中东热点外交的演变进行了历史回顾,对中国中东热点外交的核心理念、基本经验及其对中国外交创新的意义进行了总结和分析。     

WTO下我国稀土资源出口限制法律问题探析

中国稀土资源出口现状不容乐观,中国出于多种目的而对稀土资源实施出口限制,美国、欧盟和日本轮番指责中国稀土资源出口限制政策,并声称拟向WTO起诉。如果上诉到DSB,则表现为法律争端,中国的出口限制依然要受我国入世承诺的约束,能否成功援引GATT20条(g)款,还存在很大的不确定性。WTO需针对自然资源贸易的特性制定恰当的、透明的、可预测的和公平的贸易规则,同时中国应努力采取多方举措争取使稀土资源出口限制符合WTO规则。     

农民专业合作社:发展现代都市农业的重要产业组织基础——以中部地区的中心城市武汉市为例

农民专业合作社是由农民群众为适应当前农村、农业发展新形势需要,而自发组成的农村新型经济组织。以中部地区的中心城市武汉市为例,考察了农民专业合作社产生的社会基础、性质、及其组织形式,提出了农民专业合作社是新形势下的新型农村经济组织,是承接现代农业规模经营的有效载体。旨在大力发展农民专业合作社,让合作社成为现代都市农业和农村地区重要的产业组织基础。     

关中-天水经济区人才资源开发问题研究

关中-天水经济区要想达到预期目标,人力资源的开发与利用是一个重要的影响因素。人力资本理论也认为,人力资本是一个国家或地区经济发展的决定因素,对于推动落后地区经济走向发达具有决定意义。本文通过对国内外经济区人才资源开发经验的总结,并结合关中—天水经济区独特的资源特点,尝试性地提出了关中—天水经济区人才资源开发战略。