论中国古代哲人的生存论智慧

本文阐析了人生存的空间向度“天人”、“天地”、“物我”、“人我”、“群己”、“身心”、“性情”等关系 ,探讨了人生存的时间向度“悠久”的问题以及人生存之时空向度的交叉 ,指出中国古代哲学的生存论的深度智慧体现于终极性的天与人的贯通 ,人与自然生态及万物的共生 ,人与社群之和谐及其与个体性之彰显 ,人之性情的陶冶升华与生活品位、境界之提升 ,人的世代发展与自然环境的悠久无疆等方面。中国古代哲人的生存论智慧对克服当代人的生存危机可提供启发 ,应对此作创造性转化。     

Teaching Three Year-Olds to Pass False Belief Tests: A Conversational Approach

A training procedure was developed for teaching three year-old children to pass a standard false belief task. A series of 4 video sequences was developed, in each of which a child showed surprise following the unexpected transfer of an object. A group of 23 three year-olds who failed a standard false belief task took part in 8 discussions of the 4 video clips, over a period of two weeks, and were compared with a control group of 23 task-failers who had 8 story reading sessions over the same time period. The training involved (a) interactive recall of the initial events in each sequence, (b) factual questioning about the events and (c) an explanation of the thoughts and actions of the video protagonists. The emphasis was on positive elaboration of children's answers rather than on negative feedback as counter evidence. The training group performed significantly better at an immediate post-test, and at a follow-up test two weeks later, on a similar as well as a generalisation task. Task success was unrelated to vocabulary (BPVS) score, but was significantly related to success of responses during the training. The results indicate learning in the Training group of a discursive format for talking about events useful for describing false beliefs.     

‘Speak roughly to your little boy’? Sex Differences in the Relations Between Parenting and Preschoolers’ Understanding of Mind

The present study explores relations between young children's understanding of mind and parental emotional expression and disciplinary style, along with gender differences in these relations. Participants were recruited from a study of 125 same-sex twin-pairs (58% female; group mean age 5 43 months, SD 5 1 month). Each child received a comprehensive set of theory-of-mind tasks, and was filmed at home for 20 minutes in dyadic interactions with the primary caregiver, who was also interviewed about disciplinary strategies. Ratings of discipline and positive and negative parental affect and control were made from direct observation, from the interview, and from the videoed interactions. Strong correlations were found between family SES, parenting measures, and child verbal IQ and theory-of-mind score. However, regression analyses showed that parental behaviours were significant predictors of children's theory-of-mind performance, even when sex, verbal IQ and family SES were taken into account. Sex differences in these relations were also identified; parental affect was especially salient for understanding of mind in girls, while discipline was more salient for boys. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of individual differences in the proximal processes associated with early understanding of mind, and suggest that development in mental-state awareness is associated with distinct aspects of parenting for girls and boys.     

解放思想 创新高校学生党建工作

高校学生党建工作是加强和改进大学生思想政治教育,促进大学生思想道德建设的有效途径。当前高校学生党建工作面临着许多新问题、新情况。高校学生党建工作必须解放思想,在思想理论、学习机制、工作载体等方面进行创新,开创高校党建工作新局面。     

从进化理性到心智模型——试论制度生发的经验分析路径

本文着重关注制度生发中的经验分析方法,试图探寻制度分析未来可能的发展路径。首先探讨制度生发经验分析的哲学根源,而后分析诺思和哈耶克制度分析的思想路径,以期发现制度经验分析的理论脉络和发展进路。由于制度问题牵涉因素众多复杂,在对有关公理假设扬弃的基础上,制度生发应采取经验分析的方法。     

浅析三代中央领导集体对党的思想路线的贡献

在民主革命时期,毛泽东为我党确立了实事求是的思想路线,领导我国人民取得了新民主主义革命的胜利,建立了新中国,走上社会主义道路。在批判"两个凡是"和真理标准大讨论中,邓小平重新确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线,找到了一条中国特色社会主义建设道路,取得了改革开放和现代化建设的巨大成就。江泽民在世情、国情、党情发生重大变化之时,发展了解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进的思想路线,全面开创了中国特色社会主义事业新局面。解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进,是我们党的生命线。     

从民族复兴的视角审视当下中国的解放思想

解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，但关于解放思想本身，在当下还存在诸多的局限和误读。表现在：缺乏再次解放的意识与动力；仅停留在思想层面；往往理解为宽容甚至鼓励公权力“试错”，而非试对；缺乏大局意识；缺乏全球视野；不能与时俱进等方面。在新世纪，解放思想应着眼于中华民族伟大复兴大业的体识，聚集能量，共创辉煌。     

Mothers' and Fathers' Use of Internal State Talk with their Young Children

The present study extends previous results demonstrating a relation between maternal discourse and child social understanding to include paternal discourse. Emotion understanding (EU) and theory of mind (ToM) were considered as two distinctive aspects of social understanding. Participants were 106 children (54 boys and 52 girls) studied at 3.5 and 5 years. Discourse measures came from separate parent–child conversations during a picture‐book task; measures of EU and ToM came from children's performance on social cognition tasks. Differences in parental talk translated into important differences in the influence of each parent on children's social‐cognitive understanding. Mothers' references to emotion and emotion causal explanatory language predicted children's concurrent EU. Fathers' use of causal explanatory language referring to desires and emotions predicted children's concurrent and later ToM. These results highlight important differences between mothers and fathers in their use of internal state language and its impact on children's social‐cognitive understanding.     

论民族关系的实质与当代民族关系的核心问题

通过对民族关系问题本质的认识,从现代国家的领土管理和公民权利保护这两大基本职能出发,能够探讨当代民族关系的核心问题及其在国内外不同类型的表现,进而提出处理当代这类民族关系核心问题的主要措施。     

陶渊明在宋代被空前接受原因之探究

陶渊明在宋代被空前接受并非凭空而起 ,而是由作为享乐性文化气候之“反动”的淡泊精神、复古革新运动中产生的平民心态及高风绝尘之诗风追求、思想感情上的禅定和老大心态、诗歌审美上推尊萧散简远之趣四个主导因素促成的。