The residual effect of a growth-decay mechanism and the distributions of covariance structures

The product of two independent or dependent scalar normal variables, sums of products, sample covariances, and general bilinear forms are considered. Their distributions are shown to belong to a class called generalized Laplacian. A growth-decay mechanism is also shown to produce such a generalized Laplacian. Sets of necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for bilinear forms to belong to this class. As a generalization, the distributions of rectangular matrices associated with multivariate normal random vectors are also discussed.     

试论「～と会う」和「～に会う」的用法和区别

在学习和运用日语过程中 ,格助词是比较难以准确掌握和运用的 ,人们往往习惯从格助词本身去分析其语法功能。从动词词义决定其格助词在句子中的构式的角度看 ,格助词 [と ]表示行为动作的共同主体 ,格助词[に ]表示行为动作的承受者。进一步说 [～と会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是双方共同的行为动作。[～に会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是单方面的行为动作 ,另一方是这一行为动作的承受者     

Narrating Significant Experience: Reflective Accounts and the Production of (Self) Knowledge

Notwithstanding the rise of evidence-based practice, other tendencieswithin social work scholarship are also discernible. One ofthese is the study of the everyday, routine accomplishment ofpractice, drawing on microsociological methods and techniques.In this article, I apply techniques drawn from narrative anddiscourse analysis to the study of reflective practice accounts,which hold an important place in social work education. In particular,it is relevant to examine the form that reflective accountstake and the rhetorical and narrative devices deployed withinthem to accomplish a competent professional identity. My argumentis not that such accounts of practice are untruthful, ratherI propose that we would do well to move beyond taking texts(and talk) for granted and treating language as merely the mediumfor expressing inner thoughts and feelings. Social work shouldtake seriously the need to explore its modes of representationand to cultivate a more self-conscious approach to the way professionaland client identities are produced in practice.     

On the logic of common belief and common knowledge

The paper surveys the currently available axiomatizations of common belief (CB) and common knowledge (CK) by means of modal propositional logics. (Throughout, knowledge — whether individual or common — is defined as true belief.) Section 1 introduces the formal method of axiomatization followed by epistemic logicians, especially the syntax-semantics distinction, and the notion of a soundness and completeness theorem. Section 2 explains the syntactical concepts, while briefly discussing their motivations. Two standard semantic constructions, Kripke structures and neighbourhood structures, are introduced in Sections 3 and 4, respectively. It is recalled that Aumann's partitional model of CK is a particular case of a definition in terms of Kripke structures. The paper also restates the well-known fact that Kripke structures can be regarded as particular cases of neighbourhood structures. Section 3 reviews the soundness and completeness theorems proved w.r.t. the former structures by Fagin, Halpern, Moses and Vardi, as well as related results by Lismont. Section 4 reviews the corresponding theorems derived w.r.t. the latter structures by Lismont and Mongin. A general conclusion of the paper is that the axiomatization of CB does not require as strong systems of individual belief as was originally thought — onlymonotonicity has thusfar proved indispensable. Section 5 explains another consequence of general relevance: despite the infinitary nature of CB, the axiom systems of this paper admit of effective decision procedures, i.e., they aredecidable in the logician's sense.     

哀伤辅导视角下儿童丧亲主题绘本的疗愈效用——基于对9本绘本的叙事分析

为探究儿童丧亲主题绘本的疗愈效用,以哀伤辅导理论为指导框架对《小伤疤》等9本丧亲主题绘本进行叙事分析。研究发现,丧亲主题绘本多数都构建了完整的哀伤历程,分为5个阶段：“故事开端：叙述过去映射正向情感联结;第一次转折：以委婉言语表达死亡事实;情绪高潮：主人公强烈宣泄负面情绪;第二次转折：寻求超越死亡的生命意义;故事结尾：与过去挥手告别开启新生活。”但仍存在一些不足之处可以优化。例如,绘本创作要直面亲人死亡的生物性事实,建构亲人“永生”的现实意义,结合中国本土文化进行创新。作为家长及教育工作者,要关注丧亲儿童的心理健康,灵活运用绘本对儿童进行死亡教育,帮助丧亲儿童走出哀伤。     

The identity of memory and the memory of identity in the age of commodification and democratization

Abstract

This article explores the relationship between secularization and commodification of culture on one hand, and national identity always represented as Christian mystery on the other. Focusing on three case studies, Poland, Quebec and Zaire, the author analyses the place of an ordinary object (commodity) as a vehicle of representation of people's affirmation of belonging to a ‘nation’. He stresses the disposable nature of such an affirmation of belonging which allows everyone to alter or cast off the symbols of belonging while changing their social or political contexts.     

Fratricide identities: the land conflict between indigenous Leco and peasant unions in Apolo,Bolivia

This article explores processes of identity-building and claims-making by rural social groups in the context of recent multicultural and plurinational reforms in Bolivia, focusing on an analysis of the narrative apparatus that underpins a paradigmatic land conflict between an indigenous organization and a peasant union in the Bolivian Amazon. The institutional shift that characterized the country after Evo Morales’ election has been reflected and absorbed at the local level. Here, however, the new claims for recognition cannot be understood only through the –often abused – lenses of ‘resistance struggle’, ‘cultural oppression’ and ‘political discrimination of minorities’. In fact, these claims are the result of a complex interaction between institutional changes, and social actors’ ability to respond to them, proposing powerful narratives that provide society and individuals with new shared meanings and mechanisms of self-identification.     

《小城三月》儿童视角的叙事作用

《小城三月》以特定的儿童视角敏锐地捕捉细节,对故事进行原生态叙述,用儿童眼光的稚真、敏感、纯美反衬出成人的复杂、愚钝与浑浊,表现了翠姨在爱情上＂进而不敢、退则不甘＂的矛盾性格以及消极抗争的悲剧命运,揭示新观念表层下封建意识的根深蒂固,营造了作品回味悠长的审美意境。     

现代汉语反问句特有的句法结构

长期以来,人们曾普遍认为反问句和询问句在句法结构上没有什么区别。近些年来,陆续有几位学者探讨了反问句和询问句在句法结构上的异同。我们归纳出17大类反问句特有的句法结构,这些反问句特有的句法结构尤其是唯反问结构的存在提示人们,就共时平面的现代汉语而言,仅仅把反问句看作是语用问题的看法是有一定片面性的;从某种程度上说,反问句也是句法问题。     

论海州区域文化的边际性和边缘性特征

处于内陆文化与海洋文化、外来文化与中原文化以及中国南北文化交界的海州地域文化,表现出明显的边际文化特征.相对于历史时期的其它主流文化而言,海州远离政治经济文化中心,其文化又表现出边缘性特征.这种边际性、边缘性的文化特征,使得海州当地长期居主导地位的是一般知识与思想,文化层面也明显表现为俗文化为主,而当地的传统文学样式,也多神奇怪诞的民间叙事文学,进而影响了《镜花缘》、《西游记》等明清小说的创作.