从风险到优势——孤儿的抗逆力研究

从社会工作优势视角出发,运用抗逆力理论,研究探讨了孤儿在经历创伤、面临风险时存在哪些外部保护因素和内在优势因素。通过对8个孤儿的质性研究发现:孤儿面临贫困、养护结构脆弱、社会歧视、缺乏稳定感和归属感等风险因素,并且这些风险具有多重性、高危性、长期性等特征。但是,外部支持因素和个体内在优势帮助他们提升其抗逆力,外部支持因素主要包括亲属网络、模拟的亲缘关系、友缘关系、学校和社区、社会福利系统;内在优势则包括自立人格、家庭责任和感恩情感、兴趣和特长,以及积极思维。     

Children's understanding of mental ill health: implications for risk and resilience in relationships

Research shows that having a parent with a mental health problem has associated risks for children, but some families seem very resilient and do not always suffer these difficulties. In order for social workers to be able to support the development of resilience in families who appear to be at risk, we need to understand what factors may ameliorate some of these risks. Research seems to suggest that children who can conceptualize their parent's mental health problem as something 'outside' their representation of that parent as an attachment figure are likely to have better outcomes than children who see the mental-health problem as part of, and embedded within, their representation of that parent. However, in order to develop an understanding of how this conceptualization affects attachment relationships and outcomes, we need to know what children understand by mental ill health. We also need to consider how this conceptualization might be changed, and it appears that parents, other attachment figures and other support figures may play a key role here. This paper provides a selective review of the research area and discusses the mechanisms which may govern this complex process. The review concludes with recommendations for future research and practice.     

教师职业压力、应对方式与教学效能的相关分析

本研究随机抽取广州市中小学495名在职教师为被试,进行相关问卷的测量,采用结构建模的方法揭示教师职业压力、应对方式与教学效能的作用机制。结果显示：（1）中小学教师更多采用解决问题、求助方式应对压力。（2）应对方式在压力与教学效能之间起着完全中介作用。成熟型应对方式能有效缓解职业压力,提高教学效能感;而非成熟型应对方式则加剧压力,削弱教学效能感。（3）教师压力、应对、教学效能的作用机制模型达到较好的拟合水平,具有一定的预测作用。     

Business Interruption Impacts of a Terrorist Attack on the Electric Power System of Los Angeles: Customer Resilience to a Total Blackout

Regional economies are highly dependent on electricity, thus making their power supply systems attractive terrorist targets. We estimate the largest category of economic losses from electricity outages-business interruption-in the context of a total blackout of electricity in Los Angeles. We advance the state of the art in the estimation of the two factors that strongly influence the losses: indirect effects and resilience. The results indicate that indirect effects in the context of general equilibrium analysis are moderate in size. The stronger factor, and one that pushes in the opposite direction, is resilience. Our analysis indicates that electricity customers have the ability to mute the potential shock to their business operations by as much as 86%. Moreover, market resilience lowers the losses, in part through the dampening of general equilibrium effects.     

跨文化交流视角下的来华留学生心理弹性研究——基于审计专业硕士留学生样本的统计分析

文化差异对于来华留学生心理健康有着重要影响,探讨跨文化交流影响留学生心理弹性的作用机制,以南京审计大学招收的“一带一路”沿线国家审计专业硕士留学生为考察样本,通过设计调查问卷,结合心理弹性量表(Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,CD-RISC)进行调查实验。研究表明,留学生心理弹性得分与中国及其来源国文化相似性呈正相关关系;性别差异影响了留学生的心理弹性分布,男留学生的承压能力相对薄弱,需要更多的心理干预予以化解;语言沟通依然是留学生跨文化交流亟待弥补的明显短板。     

The Social Environmental Context of Resilience Among Substance-Using African American/Black Men Who Have Sex With Men

ABSTRACT

Resilience theory has been suggested as a framework for research on HIV prevention among men who have sex with men. Among this population, literature indicates that African American/Black men who have sex with men experience additional health disparities including elevated HIV incidence rates, victimization, and poor physical health. Conceptualizing resilience as a part of one’s social environment, this qualitative study investigates resilience processes and HIV transmission risk among a sample of 21 substance-using African American/Black men who have sex with men. Data from in-depth interviews describe the social environmental context in which resilience is exhibited and document the influence of homophobia, expressions of agency, and access to social, economic, and cultural capital on resilience processes. Central to this are expressions of hidden resilience, in which African American/Black men who have sex with men mitigate risk and experience their lives as subjectively successful, whether or not outsiders see it as such.     

Environmental Vulnerability,Ecosystem Resilience and Debris Flow Disasters-Taking Disaster of Debris Flow in Dongchuan of Yunnan Province as a Case Study

The Dongchuan district of Kun-ming,Yunnan is a place where debris flows hap-pens frequently.As a result, the district is called a“natural museum of debris flow disasters”.This ar-ticle will analyze the...     

Women rebuilding lives post-disaster: innovative community practices for building resilience and promoting sustainable development

Disasters result in devastating human, economic, and environmental effects. The paper highlights women's active participation in community-based disaster recovery efforts drawing from the results of the ‘Rebuilding Lives Post-disaster: Innovative Community Practices for Sustainable Development’ by an international research partnership. Two case studies are presented from Pakistan and the USA to demonstrate how women contribute to building resilience and promoting sustainable development in diverse post-disaster contexts. The policy and practice implications are relevant for discussions regarding the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals and framework.     

Gender equality,resilience to climate change,and the design of livestock projects for rural livelihoods

Currently, there is growing interest in how livestock projects can contribute to resilience to the effects of climate change. In this article we recommend a shift away from gross productivity to sustainability, via the use of thrifty local breeds, with an additional emphasis on improving survival of young animals. These animals, due to their local adaptations, are more likely to be resilient to climate change. There is a gender dimension to these proposals, since smaller animals and local breeds are more likely to be perceived by communities as suitable for husbandry by women. We recommend a re-orientation towards an explicit gender-equality focus for these projects.     

The response of youth to racial discrimination: implications for resilience theory

This paper presents a qualitative participatory study of Canadian young people who identified themselves as visible minorities and who have experienced discrimination based on their skin colour or ethnicity. Eighteen participants aged 15–24 (12 girls and 6 boys), representing four ethnic minority groups, participated in focus groups and in-depth interviews and shared their responses to racial discrimination against them. Analysis of the data from the four discussion groups reveals that racism occurs in everyday situations and places, a lot of times manifesting itself as subtle forms of discrimination. Our findings also suggest that most of the participants tend to employ non-confrontational approaches when dealing with racial violence against them, and provide us with the rationale behind their intentions. Further, youth are not uniformly impacted by racialized events, and therefore the coping strategies they use vary based on individual and contextual factors. Three common strategies for healing can be derived from the participants’ narratives: expressive-emotional, spiritual-forgiving and communicative-relational. We discuss our findings in the light of theoretical frameworks of resilience and coping approaches and argue that young people’s subjective appraisals of racialized events as well as contextual factors need to be addressed in any discussion on coping and resilience within minority youth populations.