Contributors to well-being of Chinese left-behind families: A dyadic perspective from family resilience and grandparent–grandchild relationship

There is evidence that grandchildren and grandparents in Chinese left-behind families (CLBF) suffer from immense life stressors. The well-being of both generations is of great concern. Guided by the family adjustment and adaptation response model and ecological model of well-being, the present study aimed to investigate the dyadic associations between family resilience and subjective well-being (SWB) of left-behind grandchildren and grandparents. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which relationship quality accounts for such reciprocal associations. A sample of 130 left-behind grandparent–grandchild (GP–GC) pairs completed self-reported questionnaires. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that both grandchildren's and grandparents' reported family resilience positively associated with their own SWB but not the other's SWB. Grandchildren's and grandparents' perceived relationship quality mediated the association between their perceived family resilience and their own SWB. Moreover, grandchildren-perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandchildren-perceived family resilience and grandparents' SWB. Meanwhile, grandparent-perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandparent-perceived family resilience and grandchildren's SWB. The findings highlighted the significance of family resilience and relationship quality in boosting the two generations' SWB in CLBF. The results also suggested that left-behind grandchildren and their grandparents depend on each other. Future intervention programs could be benefitted from integrating the enhancement of family resilience and improvement of grandparent–grandchild relationship quality to promote the well-being of left-behind family members.     

成渝城市群城市韧性时空格局演变及障碍因子识别

成渝城市群作为引领西部开发开放的重要经济增长极，提升其城市韧性水平对带动西部地区高质量发展和促进我国区域协调发展具有重要意义。目前学界关于“城市群城市韧性”的研究，在研究深度上仍停留在韧性评价、时空特征分析上，对城市韧性的障碍因子的分析较少；从研究区域来看，目前的研究主要集中在东部沿海发达城市群，如长三角、珠三角等，缺乏对西部城市群城市韧性的针对性研究；在评价指标选取上，已有研究主要涉及经济、生态、社会、基础设施、制度等维度，对“人”这一承灾体在城市韧性中的影响和作用不够重视，作为城市的承灾体——人的因素没有被纳入城市韧性研究中。人既是致灾因子，也是承灾体，人口要素对城市韧性具有重要的影响和作用。因此，文章基于“经济—社会—生态—基建—人口”五维评估框架选取26个指标构建评价指标体系，运用熵权—TOPSIS评价模型和障碍度模型，分析2010—2019年成渝城市群城市韧性时空格局演变特征，并对其障碍因子进行诊断和识别。研究结果显示：从时空格局演变规律来看，成渝城市群城市韧性水平呈逐渐上升态势且空间差异逐渐缩小；但城市韧性整体水平较低，较低韧性和低韧性城市数量多、分布广，在空间上呈现出“西...     

全球粮食安全的现状、实现途径与保障措施——2022全球粮食安全青年科学家论坛综述

由华中农业大学、国际食物政策研究所、国际玉米小麦改良中心和德国莱布尼茨转型经济农业发展研究所联合举办的2022全球粮食安全青年科学家论坛以线上线下结合的形式于2022年12月2日至3日举办。论坛指出当前全球粮食安全在粮食供给和粮食消费结构上取得了显著成效，但也面临新冠疫情、地缘冲突、气候变化等因素的威胁和挑战。同时，论坛明确了保障粮食安全的主要途径在于保障粮食供应，确保食物获取，提高食物利用水平以及增强粮食稳定性，并提出保障全球粮食安全的政策措施：推广现代农业技术以提高粮食生产率，优化农食系统结构以促进粮食安全从量到质的提升，提高风险抵御能力来增强全球粮食系统韧性以及深入开展国际合作来改善全球粮农协同治理。     

Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sunlight-reducing catastrophes

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well placed to help reboot-collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macroindices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favorable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socioecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with cobenefits, which may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.     

优势视角下凉山彝区困境儿童的抗逆力构成要素研究

随着社会和经济的发展，我国困境儿童呈现出多样化，尤其是民族地区的困境儿童，因经济相对滞后，为困境儿童的社会服务工作带来新的问题。本文以凉山彝区调查为例，立足于研究凉山困境儿童的外部因子、内在因子、效能因素等方面。通过分析优势视角下的民族地区困境儿童，获取凉山困境儿童抗逆力构成要素，探索出一条符合凉山彝区困境儿童且具有本土性和时代性抗逆力的新路径。     

Career resilience of female professionals in the male-dominated IT industry in Sweden: Toward a process perspective

Sweden is known to be one of the most gender-equal societies in the world. Thus, it remains as an enigma why a large discrepancy continues to exist regarding the gender balance in career choice and progression in many professions. Drawing on Hirdman's (1988) theory of gendered systems, in this paper, we explore the role of career resilience in the career progression of women who choose to work in the male-dominated IT sector. We draw attention to how the day-to-day process of practicing career resilience in a gendered workplace tends to evolve as women progress in their careers. Based on an interview study with 50 female IT professionals as well as a discourse analysis of 502 newspaper articles on women in this sector, we develop a process model of career resilience in gendered professions, outlining different coping strategies that allow women to develop and enhance such resilience over time. We conclude the paper by providing some practical recommendations.     

A gendered lens for building climate resilience: Narratives from women in informal work in Leh,Ladakh

In this paper, we critically examine the gendered impacts of climatechange related extreme events upon workers in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Climate change impacts disproportionately affect the livelihoods of women engaged in informal work like weaving from their homes and street vending. Existing research suggests that women are more likely to be among the most vulnerable in such extreme events as well as are vital agents to develop climate resilience within their communities. We draw upon unique quantitative and qualitative data to critically examine the lived experiences of female informal workers from Leh, Ladakh (India). Drawing on the work of Duchek (2020),  we explore how women informal workers navigate their daily strategies of anticipating, coping, and adapting toward climate change. From this analysis, we offer novel empirical evidence about gendered climate resilience and suggest broad recommendations for building climate resilience within mountain communities.