用因子分析法对农业上市公司进行财务评价

本文运用SPSS中的因子分析技术,选用2004年6月30日的财务报表数据为例,对我国农业类上市公司的15项财务评价指标进行了综合分析。此实例说明通过实证可以对我国农业类上市公司的经营现状进行综合评价,为决策者提供较为客观的决策依据。     

近十年来我国私营经济理论研究综述

中共“十五大”提出的“非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分”的论述 ,是对马克思主义的重大发展。在新的历史条件下 ,我们应以邓小平理论和“十五大”精神为指导 ,深刻认识私营经济在国民经济中的地位和作用 ,从而制定正确的方针和政策 ,引导私营经济健康地向前发展。     

以公共部门绩效评估为基点的评估类型比较

在整个公共管理领域,公共部门绩效评估与公共项目绩效评估、公共人力资源绩效评估有联系又有区别。此外,同样作为一种工具与手段,公共部门绩效评估与企业绩效评估亦有可比的地方。了解各种评估类型之间的相互关系,对于公共部门绩效评估的发展大有裨益。     

A Study of the Relationship Between Innovation and Performance Among NPOs in Pakistan

Abstract

Innovation has become a core driver for the success and survival of organizations regardless of their size and nature. A plethora of literature has discussed the importance of innovation in profit-based organizations, while nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have generally been ignored in research. This study examines the influence of the sub-dimensions of innovation on the performance of NPOs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires using a sample size of 309 NPOs operating in the emerging market Pakistan. The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS.21. The results indicate that process innovation and organization innovation have significant positive influence on the performance of NPOs, while product innovation and marketing innovation have insignificant influence on the performance of NPOs. NPOs are advised to give enough attention to process and organization innovation in order to boost their performance. Future researchers are encouraged to test the model in other environmental settings. Implications for practice were discussed.     

Breaking the Perverse Health-debt Cycle in Sri Lanka: Policy Options

This paper proposes a finite mixture model to examine how health adversities influence indebtedness of Sri Lankan households. After accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, our empirical analysis reveals that households headed by ill-health members and those with hospitalization are inevitably more vulnerable to indebtedness. The ill-health status of other working-age members also creates milder effects on household indebtedness. We confirm that the health-debt cycle is more severe for urban households, compared to their rural counterparts. The study is testimony to re-emphasizing the role of government in providing much-needed financial protection to vulnerable households and implementing differentiated-policy packages for urban and rural sectors in order to effectively break the health-debt cycle.     

Construction of organizational identity claim and understanding in nonprofits: Evidence from Pakistan's voluntary organizations

There is a substantial research literature on nonprofits identity claim and identity understanding but much less on how these identities are constructed in the first place. This article explores how identity claim and identity understanding are constructed in the nonprofits and reasons for such constructions. Exploratory multiple case study analysis was conducted with two voluntary organizations. The results showed that three factors play a significant role in construction of identity claim; founders, funding, and power of stakeholders. The construction of identity understanding is influenced by the claim and is often in sync until the funding source changes leading to a dissimilar identity understanding. The members, however, showed reluctance to embrace the new identity due to the power of stakeholders and fear of mission drift. The unsynchronized claim and understanding caused confusions among the members as they juggled between adopting the new identity understanding and keeping a dissimilar claim. This confusion hinders the nonprofits growth and they struggle to answer what they want to be in future.     

Trade and jobs in Europe: The role of mode 5 service exports

Over the past two decades, EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports of goods and services has increased markedly, with a shift towards jobs supported by services exported as part of manufactured goods. The authors seek further insight into this trend through the full decomposition of trade flows using a multi‐regional input–output model and the World Input–Output Database for 40 countries and 35 industries over the period 1995–2011. Their findings call for reflection by policy‐makers regarding the four traditional modes of service supply under the General Agreement on Trade in Services with a view to adequately capturing this new reality in global trade.     

Logistics and procurement outsourcing in the healthcare sector: A comparative analysis

As outsourcing ventures become more complex, opportunities for synergies and efficiencies increase, but also create longer and more fragmented supply chains which could have disastrous consequences, particularly in a healthcare context. This study investigates the implications of outsourcing on healthcare supply chains by comparing two alternatives: outsourcing from public-to-private and outsourcing from public-to-public. A conceptual framework, adapted from previous literature, has been employed to provide a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and consider the implications of logistics and procurement outsourcing on the healthcare supply chain structure and performance. The study presents a European cross-country comparison, analysing both the National Health Service (NHS) outsourcing in England (public-to-private outsourcing) and the Regional Health Service (RHS) outsourcing in the Tuscany region (Italy) (public-to-public outsourcing). Specificities and commonalities of the two outsourcing experiences provide suggestions for managers and policy-makers and enhance the current knowledge of outsourcing in the public healthcare sector.     

Determinants of Charitable Donations to Large U.S. Higher Education,Hospital, and Scientific Research NPOs: New Evidence from Panel Data

We provide improved evidence on effects that fund-raising, government support, and program revenue of U.S. higher education, hospital, and scientific research nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have on donations to those NPOs and provide improved estimates of price elasticities of donations to, and donor demand for output of, those NPOs. Applying econometric tests, we find the best-specified model is two-way fixed effects, which controls for organization-specific and time-specific factors. Results suggest that U.S. higher education, hospital, and scientific research NPOs fund-raise to the point where the marginal fund-raising dollar brings in zero dollars of donations, donor demand for output of hospitals and scientific research NPOs is price inelastic and price elastic, respectively, and results are not sensitive to specification of price.     

中国城镇化对建筑业碳排放影响的时空差异

在分析城镇化对建筑业碳排放影响机理的基础上,采用LMDI分解法将城镇化对建筑业碳排放的影响分解为规模效应（包括固定资产投资效益效应、居民收入效应、人口密度效应和空间规模效应）、结构效应和技术效应,并进一步分析各效应对城镇化不同阶段及各个省市建筑业碳排放的影响。研究结果表明:（1）从时间上看,在城镇化由初级发展到中级再到高级阶段的过程中,固定资产投资效益效应和结构效应的作用程度均不断增强,不同的是前者具有促进作用（1 937.11万吨、12 941.27万吨、36 948.37万吨）,后者具有抑制作用（-413.69万吨、-13 824.62万吨、-14 149.08万吨）;其余效应的作用程度均呈现"倒U形"变化趋势,但是作用方向不同,其中居民收入效应（-180.41万吨、-1 862.58万吨、-522.86万吨）和人口密度效应（-298.85万吨、-5 303.46万吨、-1 538.78万吨）均具有抑制作用,空间规模效应具有促进作用（1 654.67万吨、13 750.80万吨、6 013.79万吨）,技术效应则先促进后抑制（3 805.32万吨、32 526.22万吨、-9 053.30万吨）。（2）从空间上看,固定资产投资效益效应在处于城镇化高级阶段以及初级、中级阶段的省市分别具有促进和抑制作用,贡献程度均非常突出（第一位或第二位）;居民收入效应在经济发达省市具有抑制作用,欠发达省市仍具有促进作用,贡献微弱;人口密度效应仅在北京、天津、上海、河北具有促进作用,贡献程度较小（多为第五位）;空间规模效应在各省市均具有促进作用,特别是在中级阶段的省市贡献较突出（前三位）;结构效应贡献也非常突出（第一位或第二位）,在各省市的作用方向与固定资产投资效益效应相反;技术效应仅在江苏、新疆具有抑制作用,在各省市作用程度差异较大。认为,政府应依据所处城镇化阶段,有针对性地制定低碳城镇发展规划和建筑业节能减排措施的政策。