毒品犯罪立法例中的理论问题评介——以大陆法系国家(地区)为视角

对于毒品犯罪的立法例,大陆法系诸国(地区)采用了分散型模式,使得各类型罪状明确具体,罚当其罪.这更有利于反思我国现有的毒品犯罪立法模式.基于分散型的立法倾向,复数的法律适用根据在同一事案上发生竞合现象时,原则上重法优于全部法适用、全部法优于特别法适用.对毒品种类发生认识错误的,在构成要件间重合的范围内成立轻罪的既遂犯;但是,主客观事实所涉及的同质构成要件无刑罚差别时,成立现实发生事实的故意犯罪.     

我国现阶段税收犯罪及其对策

税收犯罪违反了国家税收法规,妨害了国家税收制度的正常执行,扰乱了社会经济秩序,使国家财政收入受到巨大损失。税收犯罪的存在及其在一定阶段呈现的特点与国家经济体制、税收制度的变化与健全与否密切联系。完善各项税收制度,提高税务征管效率,强化公民纳税意识,是防范和打击税收犯罪的重要途径。     

Older Gays and Lesbians

Summary

This article discusses the impact that coming of age in the Pre-Stonewall era has had on older gays and lesbians. Anti-gay hate and violence, within a historical context of homophobia and heterosex-ism, are examined. Risk factors, as well as coping capacities, for older lesbians and gays are explored. Research on the psychological adjustment and well-being of older gays and lesbians is reviewed, and suggestions for intervention with this population are proposed.     

Competencies at the Intersection of Difference,Tolerance, and Prevention of Hate Crimes

Summary

This article develops competencies for social workers to enable them to counter harassment and hate crimes by examining the intersection of “self” and “other” when the “other” is either a gay man or a lesbian or when the “other” is the perpetrator of hate crimes. The authors contend that there is a cultural foundation to hate crimes and that it involves oppression like that experienced by other minority groups, that this oppression is supported by the dominant culture, and that oppressive behaviors can be changed. A typology of five competency areas is presented to develop culturally relevant knowledge, attitudes, and skills that strengthen understanding and tolerance for gay men and lesbians and to work with those who oppress them.     

从人格心理学的角度看网络犯罪心理

网络犯罪动机是网络犯罪心理的重要组成部分。以人格心理学的视角,网络犯罪动机包括占有欲、破坏欲、异化的归属感、扭曲的成就感及错位的创造力。按照精神分析的原理,为了减少网络犯罪,应该积极倡导网络道德,建立起网上的超我;而从人本主义出发,只有满足人的各种基本需求,方可有效防控网络犯罪。这是一个长期的过程,但在网络环境中也可做出努力,以接近此目标。     

涉众型金融犯罪预防机制研究

我国刑法理论界和实务界对涉众型金融犯罪的关注更多地集中在其治理问题上，如对已发案件受害人的保护。但实际上，其预防机制的构建和完善对稳定社会秩序、构建和谐社会同样具有相当重要的理论和实践意义。现阶段，除了要继续完备司法机关的一般预防措施，还应在深入分析和研究上海市建设发展“金融检察”历程的基础上，逐步建立健全对全国检察机关具有普遍适用意义的涉众型金融犯罪的预防机制。     

Life Course Analysis—The Courage to Search for Something More

Abstract

In this paper we discuss middle-to-late life issues of the transgender and intersex communities. We demonstrate that these mid-to-late life issues are richly complex, full of courage, coping, risk, and resilience, and are grounded in a socio-ecological landscape of systemic actual and perceived violence and abuse. We examine how this socio-ecological environment affects the “normative” mid-life cycle processes. Practical examples are drawn from the author's field interviews and survey research over the past decade. We close by examining the effects of such a landscape on the middle-age life stage and examine its potential ramifications for old age as well.     

论洗钱罪上游犯罪的刑事立法界定

我国洗钱罪刑事立法产生于我国签署维也纳公约之后的全国人大常委会《关于禁毒的决定》之中,在1997年之后又历经了两次修改,在《刑法修正案(六)》中达到一个相对完善的境界。洗钱罪上游犯罪从一开始就处在不断扩充的状态下,在列举式、概括式等模式中,我国采取了列举式立法,并与2006年修改后的刑法第312条的窝藏、转移、收购、销售、掩饰、隐瞒赃物罪建立了衔接。随着2006年末《反洗钱法》的出台,对"洗钱"理解不同,导致了洗钱罪上游犯罪空白罪状刑事立法的思维触角,引入空白罪状的同时并加以反思使得该种洗钱罪上游犯罪刑事立法模式有了更充实的理论底气。     

扩大洗钱犯罪的上游犯罪刍论

洗钱罪的上游犯罪,是指具有洗钱性质的基础犯罪。中国刑法关于洗钱罪的上游犯罪仅仅限制在毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的犯罪、走私犯罪和恐怖活动犯罪四类犯罪。因范围过窄,导致在其他犯罪中,即使存在着完全相同的洗钱行为,也不能以洗钱罪定罪量刑。因而很难达到"罪刑相适"的立法诉求和形势发展的实践要求。因此,必须适时扩大洗钱罪的上游犯罪的范围,将清洗一切严重犯罪所得及其收益的行为都认定为洗钱罪的上游犯罪,才能有效地打击洗钱行为。     

Politics gone cancerous: why the Marikana massacre should be prosecuted as an international crime

What makes the Marikana massacre particularly chilling and poignant is the fact that the use of lethal force on a mass scale was sanctioned by South Africa’s democratically elected government. It also makes the massacre relevant to international law. It will be established in this article that the killing of 34 striking miners by the South African police is a crime that transcends the limits and boundaries of domestic justice. This article will explore an approach to the legal aftermath of Marikana that has not yet received academic attention: the question of whether the Marikana massacre should be prosecuted as an international crime. The article will further consider the factors that will have to be taken into account in classifying the massacre as an international crime. It will be argued that even though instinctively a crime of this scale might seem to reach the gravity of an international crime, the application of the strict legal requirements for international crimes, the policy requirement in the definition of a crime against humanity, the doctrine of complementarity as well as the gravity threshold applied by the International Criminal Court render it complicated but not unlikely that the massacre will be considered an international crime in the sense of meeting the jurisdictional requirements set out for such crimes.