Normative Beliefs as Risk Factors for Involvement in Unhealthy Weight Control Behavior

Objective: The authors' aim in this study was to determine, after adjustment for the effects of body mass index and sociodemographic measures, whether sex-specific weight control norms would have significant independent relationships with the weight control behavior of college women and men. Participants: The authors used an anonymous questionnaire to assess a sample of 470 college students, aged 18 to 26 years, attending either a 2- year community college or a 4-year public university. Methods: To calculate body mass index, the authors objectively measured the height and weight of each participant. They conducted separate discriminant function analyses for women and men. Results: The discriminant function analyses clearly indicated that weight control norms of same-sex, close friends were the best discriminators of involvement in weight control. Conclusions: The findings indicate that perceived peer norms may be important but overlooked risk factors for engaging in unhealthy weight control practices. The authors discuss the implications of these findings in the context of student health promotion.     

被社会环境造就与造就社会环境——论小说中人物与社会环境关系的特殊形态

小说创作有三个要素：人物、情节、环境。小说中人物与环境的关系通常解释为：＂环境是人物展开交往和活动的具体场所。＂但在以著名历史人物为原型的小说中,人物与环境出现了复杂的情形,环境尤其是社会环境并不只是人物展开交往和活动的场所,还是人物性格形成的重要因素;著名历史人物对社会环境的改变也着极为重要的作用。《斯巴达克思》和《上尉的女儿》就是如此。     

晚清小说观念的多重定位

当＂救亡＂主题转变为＂启蒙＂的文化策略,小说在晚清被作为改良民智的渠道,承担起开化民智的重任,而被利用的小说却在客观上提高了地位,刷新了视小说为＂小道＂的传统观念;中西方文化的碰撞,尤其是西方小说的译介,拓宽了对小说文体的认识,小说在文学中的地位得到更明确的认可;以报刊、出版业为载体,以稿酬制度为推动,小说在通俗化和平民化的道路上,实现了其商品化,中国小说作家的主体意识得到增强,而主体的这种自觉意识成为中国传统小说观念迈向现代化的直接力量。     

动词体与礼貌

动词的时体形式是表达礼貌的手段之一。俄语中的完成体/未完成体形式也能参与礼貌表达,但适用对象的性质有所不同。俄语中完成体命令式形式适宜用于维持形式距离的言语活动中,它所表达的是形式礼貌;未完成体命令式有时会因为行为符合受话人的意愿,表达的是真实礼貌。     

面对苦难的方式——评新世纪以来的乡村小说叙事

新世纪以来的乡村小说开始普遍地转向当下的乡村现实，关注乡村苦难，但在无节制的苦难叙事当中，人道主义和现实主义文学精神已逐渐被异化，真正的乡村现实反而遭到遮蔽。在这种情况下，只有少数作家仍坚持艺术创作上的独立精神和创造意识，为我们呈献出富有个性和深度的作品，并为文学正名。     

Associations among Maternal Behavior,Delay of Gratification,and School Readiness across the Early Childhood Years

This study examined the developmental pathways from maternal behavior to school readiness within a sample of 1007 children, with a specific focus on the mediating role of delay of gratification (DoG). Maternal behavior across the first 36 months of age was explored as a predictor of children's DoG at 54 months as well as their behavioral and academic competence in kindergarten. Results support sensitivity as a predictor of children's DoG and indicate significant associations between DoG and teacher‐reported externalizing behavior, social skills, and academic skills. Moreover, DoG partially mediated the associations between maternal sensitivity and school readiness skills, with the highest percentage of mediation reported for social skills. Findings indicate maternal sensitivity and DoG as potential targets for efforts aimed at enhancing school readiness among young children.     

悲剧的现代体验——徐志摩小说创作论

徐志摩区分出了不同层次种类的情,其中朝向大自然的热情最为显明。其小说呈现了人类遭遇现代后的搏斗的体验,反映了日常生活的残酷性和非人性,意在维护情爱的理想,为感情张目;志在揭示平凡生活中的摩擦,不厌其烦地制造习常和平中的悲剧,展现生活中的压抑和痛苦。     

Emotion Knowledge, Social Competence, and Behavior Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-analytic Review

The present meta-analytic review examined the magnitude of the relation between discrete emotion knowledge and three of its most commonly studied correlates in childhood and adolescence: social competence, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Emotion knowledge demonstrated small to medium-sized relations with each correlate. Moderators of effect size were also examined and included multiple sample and methodological characteristics. Using random effects models, significant moderators of effect size for relations between emotion knowledge and externalizing problems included sample recruitment, sample age, and the source of externalizing problems ratings. Moderators of effect size were not found for emotion knowledge and social competence, and the effect sizes across samples for emotion knowledge and internalizing problems were homogeneous. Results highlight the relatively consistent yet modest relations between emotion knowledge and its correlates. Implications for applied research and new directions for research on emotion knowledge using innovative methods are discussed.     

虐童的刑法规制及儿童福利体系的构建

基于虐童现象的普遍性以及后果的严重性，虐童行为的规制成为必要，但方式应该是通过立法，而非司法。对于实践中以司法方式实现虐童入罪的做法，应当摒弃，并肃清其背后的理念、逻辑。虐童入罪固然必要，但是问题的解决更应该走向刑法之外，通过儿童保护及福利体系的建立，从根本上减少虐童现象的发生。