审视与反思:新中国新闻文体的多重变奏

借助文体学理论,本文突破以往将新闻文体囿于体裁和类型的局限,将其视作涵义丰富的政治文化现象。本文认为,新闻文体是新闻内容与新闻形式的有机结合,是表层的文本因素和深层的社会因素的有机统一。基于内容、表达特色和结构方式等显性因素,以及对新闻本身的认知,本文依据其中某些因素的强化、突出或变异,对新华体等几种主要的当代新闻文体风格做了历时性和共时性的分析。     

Ethnography as Translation

Sociologists and anthropologists often struggle over how to accurately convey ethnographic data from the field setting to a final report. This paper examines ethnography as a form of translation in order to clarify what occurs between the acquisition of data and the formulation of a thesis about the data. The paper argues that the ethnographers mind should be seen as a transitional space which in the act of translating field data into an analytic report (1) poses unique challenges to ethnographys claims for providing an accurate account of field situations while (2) simultaneously offering paths to insight which quantitative and survey research can not.     

工程制图教学中如何培养学生空间想象能力

从3个方面论述了如何培养学生空间想象能力,一个方面是观察能力的培养,另一个方面是形象思维能力的培养以及创造性思维能力的培养。     

Estimation of frequencies of sinusoids in the presence of noise

A method is proposed and developed for estimating the frequencies of K sinusoids given the sum of these sinusoids in Gaussian noise. Attention is focused on the properties of these estimators when the observation time is short, the separation between frequencies is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The estimators are shown to be approximately unbiased and approximately normally distributed. The covariance matrix is also calculated. Relatively simple bounds on the variance of the estimators are found.     

Attachment Representations and Discipline in Mothers of Young School Children: An Observation Study

Previous research was extended by connecting maternal attachment representations not only to maternal emotional support and task structuring, but also to maternal discipline. A total number of 62 mothers of preschoolers (M_age = 54 months) completed the adult attachment interview and a self‐report measure of dysfunctional discipline. Two years later, a subsample of 38 mother–child dyads was observed during two laboratory interaction tasks in which the mother and child were induced to have divergent goals. In general, the hypothesized connections between maternal attachment representations and discipline were found, at least when discipline was independently observed. Specifically, as compared to autonomous mothers, non‐autonomous mothers showed more overreactivity, more psychological control and less flexibility in their discipline attempts. Also, their children were less compliant. These differences were more pronounced during a story‐eliciting task than during a block task. These findings suggest that parental behaviors in the discipline domain contribute to the explanation of the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns.     

Spot observation: Advantages and disadvantages for household time use research

The spot observation method of estimating time use is described in this article. Procedures for using this method in developing countries, where household activities are relatively easily observed, are contrasted with procedures used in countries characterized by very private living units and highly separated employment, educational, and household settings. Characteristics of various methods for collecting time use data are compared so that researchers can evaluate the trade-offs they can expect from selecting a particular method. A case example of using the spot observation method in a study of women's household and agricultural activities in the Njoro Region of Kenya is presented.Her research interests are household time allocation and women's economic status in developing countries.Her research interests include the time allocation of rural women and women in international development. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1995.The study of women's and children's time use reported in this paper was supported in part by the Center for African Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and by the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya.     

贾克梅蒂具象表现艺术及其启示意义

贾克梅蒂是当今西方现代美术史上的重要人物 ,具象表现艺术的先驱。贾克梅蒂的具象表现艺术是对传统的视觉模式的反叛 ,他将现象学的观察方式引入绘画领域 ,尝试用抹去重画、反复描绘的方法 ,来刻画表现对象在“不断流变、不断生成”过程的视觉印象 ,以追求新的表现方法。贾氏具象表现的绘画理念对处在今天复杂、多元艺术景况中的中国艺术家具有深刻启示意义     

观察一定渗透理论吗？

“观察渗透理论”这个经典命题是存在问题的,它否认了观察的客观性的存在。由于观察的复杂性,汉森的理论只是指出了观察的一个层面的特征,而完全否认了观察的客观性特征。正是在这种理解基础上,导致了20世纪后期科学哲学的历史主义转向。     

Four‐Year‐Old Children’s Negotiation Strategies to Influence and Deal with a Primary Child Health Care Situation

In Sweden, children’s health and development are promoted through Primary Child Health Care (PCHC) visits. The children participate in these visits from their own perspective through bodily and verbal expressions. This study explores four‐year‐old children’s expressions when they as actors take part in a PCHC situation. The conceptualisation of the children’s expressions reveals various actions that exhibit their affirmative and delaying negotiation strategies to influence and deal with these situations. For PCHC nurses, these findings may encourage to view children as negotiating participants and inspire to sensitivity when inviting children and guiding them through health visits. © 2011 The Author(s). Children & Society © 2011 National Children’s Bureau and Blackwell Publishing Limited     

A characterization of the independence - distribution - preserving covariance structure for the multivariate maximum squared - radii statistic

Necessary and sufficient conditions on the observation covariance structure and on the set of linear transformations are given for which the distribution of the multivariate maximum squared - radii statistic for detecting a single multivariate outlier is invariant from the distribution assuming the usual independence covariance structure. Thus, we extend the work of Baksalary and Puntanen (1990), who have given necessary and sufficient conditions for an independence-distribution-preserving covariance structure for Grubbs' statistic for detecting a univariate outlier. We also extend the work of Marco, Young, and Turner (1987) and Pavur and Young (1991), who have given sufficient conditions for an independence-distribution-preserving dependency structure for the multivariate squared - radii statistic.