澳大利亚OESC保护中小学生上网安全的途径研究

随着网络技术的发展和社交软件使用的低龄化,发生在中小学校的网络欺凌现象越来越普遍。澳大利亚政府高度关注该问题,专门成立网络安全专员办公室（OESC）,用以支持和推动中小学生网络安全措施的实施。具体而言：（1）提供安全的网络使用指导,引导中小学生养成网络安全行为习惯;（2）为学校和家庭提供相关的教育资源,培养中小学生的网络安全意识和能力;（3）对网络服务供应商设立监管机制,确保中小学生网络安全措施的顺利实施。     

众筹教育与高校美育课改革的契合及实现路径

众筹教育通过打造并完善教育资源共享平台,推动教育资源的虚拟重组、均衡发展,实现跨区域教育的协同发展,有助于实现知识增值的目标。众筹教育所具备的创意性筹资、柔性化生产、互动化交流、区域化共享等特征使其与当下的高校美育选修课教育体制改革的需求高度契合。从实现路径来看,众筹教育介入高校美育选修课改革可以从校内模拟众筹、区域内课程共享、完善教育资源共享平台3个层面逐步铺开,形成高校美育选修课线上与线下互动发展的新模式,为推动我国教育体制改革困局的破解提供思路。     

内外部网络口碑与在线销售的动态交互过程——基于分层贝叶斯模型的解析

与以往单纯以内部网络口碑、相互独立的内部和外部网络口碑为研究对象,分析网络口碑与在线销售的关系不同。基于评论环境理论,采用分层贝叶斯模型,以当当网、京东、亚马逊和豆瓣网为数据搜集对象,在充分考虑网络口碑异质性及其来源多元化的条件下,结合外部网络口碑平台信息提供的特点,在进一步引入免费试样因素的基础上,对内外部网络口碑与在线销售的动态交互作用进行研究。结果发现:在异质性网络平台并存且效价差异较小的情境下,效价不再是影响在线销售的关键,而内部网络口碑数量、数量信息熵才是影响在线销售的关键,反过来在线销售也刺激了网络口碑数量的提升。虽然外部网络口碑的存在削弱了这一环形机制的积极影响,但免费试样可有效削弱该负向调节机制。     

Wikipedia in the anti-SOPA protests as a case study of direct,deliberative democracy in cyberspace

This paper contributes to the discussion on deliberative, direct democracy and volunteer mobilization in the Internet era by analyzing the vote participation levels of Wikipedia volunteer editors (Wikipedians). On 18th January 2012 in the ‘first Internet strike’ against the American ‘Stop Online Piracy Act' legislation, over two thousand Wikipedians took part in the vote concerning whether their site should undertake a protest action, with vast majority expressing support for this action. However, the vote participants formed only a tiny fraction of the total number of Wikipedians who number in millions. Although Wikipedia can be seen as an open, democratic forum practicing deliberative, direct democracy, the process of voting on Wikipedia is significantly influenced by participation inequality, with a majority of the vote participation coming from a small group of most active contributors – an effective oligarchy. This paper discusses the intricate dynamics between Wikipedia egalitarian ethos and the creed to discuss project matters deliberately on one hand and the conspicuous lack of promotion and advertisement stemming from a rule against ‘canvassing’ and an overall skepticism regarding the status of majority votes. While voters' passivity and lack of interest play a major role, as expected, another factor emerges as a significant factor responsible for the low levels of participation: an inefficient information distribution system, as the vast majority of Wikipedians were not aware of the ongoing discussions and the vote itself until after their conclusion.     

The Structure of Legal Relations in Online Transactions*

As the civil law expression of internet plus transactions, the legal relations in online trading platform transactions constitute a complex aggregate of legal relationships composed of groups of legal relations. Specifically, they consist of three basic interlinked legal relationships: Contract relations for online trading platform services between the platform provider and the seller or service provider, and between the platform provider and the consumer. This includes the sales or service contract relations between the triad of the seller, the service provider and the consumer. These relations contain five kinds of major content, viz., the provision of transaction space, the publishing of transaction information, price escrow payment, distribution and delivery of the commodity, and transaction credit evaluation. They involve three forms of supplementary legal relations: the supplementary contract relationship between the platform provider and a third party payment institution; between the seller and third party credit reporting agency; and between the seller and a logistics enterprise. The three forms of supplementary contractual legal relations are set up to act on the major contents of the basic legal relationships in online transactions. On the basis of the online trading platform service contract relationships between the platform provider and the triad of the seller, the service provider and the consumer, the flow of the above- mentioned legal relations centers on the contract of sales or service set up between the seller, the service provider and the consumer to accomplish the aim of the online transaction, meet social needs and boost economic development.     

网络购物中的社会诚信问题研究——基于不完美信息动态博弈理论

将一次网络交易抽象为不完美信息动态博弈模型，通过对买卖双方博弈行为的分析，得出网络交易纠纷频发的原因。并通过对模型进一步扩展，分析当前网络交易规则存在的缺陷，针对其中的问题，提出提高市场效率的建议。     

Exploring gaps in the online economic inclusion of persons with disabilities in Korea

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the difference in the online economic activities of people with and without disabilities in Korea. We conducted a multiple regression analysis to investigate the impact of socioeconomic characteristics, internet access, and internet skills on online economic activities. Our sample, based on a 2016 dataset that included 1554 people with disabilities and 6004 people without disabilities, was developed using quota sampling based on gender, age, and residence. We determined that individuals with disabilities were more likely to engage in online economic activities if they had higher levels of education, lived in urban areas, were employed, or had greater internet skills. Individuals without disabilities were more likely to engage in online economic activities if they were women, had higher levels of education, were employed, lived in a two-generation or more household, or had greater internet skills. For both people with and without disabilities, the level of education, employment status, and internet skills positively contribute to online economic activites. We also determined that education level, participation in economic activity, living in a two-generation or more household, and internet skills had a statistically significant influence on online economic activity for people both with and without disabilities. These results highlight the importance of education and internet training for people with disabilities, as well as social support systems that help them learn to use the internet in diverse ways through both formal and informal networks. The study also underscores the importance of information and communications technology that adequately addresses people’s needs.     

‘We fight for all living things’: countering misconceptions about the radical animal liberation movement

This qualitative content analysis of online documents compiled from the North American Animal Liberation Front (ALF), Earth Liberation Kollective (ELK) and Grassroots Ontario Animal Liberation (GOAL) network websites and Facebook pages explores how activism within the Radical Animal Liberation Movement (RALM) intersects with other social movements. While most literature to date traces the RALM’s (dis)junctures with other forms of social justice activism through analyses of their broad ideological assumptions, or the views of renowned RALM scholars, this research provides authentic insights into the voices of Canadian, American and Mexican activists as they are represented in documents they author themselves. Like activists in anarchistic, anti-capitalist, immigrant rights, Indigenous, prison abolition, prisoner support and radical feminist movements, those in the RALM critique capitalism, colonialism, hierarchy, racism, sexism, state power and the prison industrial complex. Our research calls into question the existing narratives that depict the RALM as an extremist, single-issue movement oblivious to all other forms of social inequality, injustice, marginalization and oppression. Rather, RALM activists are building alliances with other radical social movements to achieve the common goal of ending both human and animal suffering and exploitation.     

The Romance of Surrogacy1

This article seeks to demonstrate and analyze the cultural and emotional work surrogate mothers collectively engage in on the largest surrogacy support website, http://www.surromomsonline.com . Surrogate mothers’ online stories and discussions frame contract surrogacy as a “labor of love.” Women often describe their surrogacy as a “journey” of shared love; they hope for a lasting relationship with the couple they carry for. This article explores how the language of love, learned and internalized through online communication with other surrogates, creates both a cultural conceptualization of surrogacy and a ground for action. Love and altruistic giving are consistent with close interpersonal rather than market relationships; surrogates hope for a long‐term friendship with their couple. Surrogacy journeys, however, not infrequently end in disappointment; surrogates feel betrayed when couples cut ties. As a result of collective learning, surrogates’ discussions increasingly articulate the position that love, even when unreciprocated, can lead to repeated giving; love is noble and ennobling. Surrogates find appreciation and support in their online surrogacy community where they agree that giving life is a moral good. This stance has contributed to a renewed enthusiasm to bear children for others.