真理与有效性——论洛采逻辑思想对海德格尔的影响

洛采的逻辑思想对海德格尔思想的形成和发展有着不可忽视的影响和作用,其中洛采的系词理论与有效性概念对海德格尔的真理观和"存在论差异"思想有着尤其明显的影响。然而这一影响却长期被人们所忽视,所以有必要以"真理与有效性"为线索展开对这两位思想家的思想关联的考察,其成果将不仅推动洛采研究的深入开展亦将使我们能够更加适宜地把握海德格尔思想的历史渊源。     

语言的拓扑变换性与翻译理论的本体建构

翻译的本体界定和解释性转向是翻译研究成为真正科学理论的根本条件。长期以来,学界围绕翻译学科地位的争议大多源于这两个条件的缺失。雅克不逊在"差异中的等价"基础上提出的翻译本体说和斯坦纳的拓扑翻译论提供了重要启示。斯坦纳把翻译视为"变换中的不变性",无疑抓住了翻译本体的拓扑变换性实质。而从认知语言学和认知科学近期的研究看,语言的拓扑变换性不是拓扑数学观念的简单移植,而是语言的本质特征。在认知识解意义上来认识和界定语言的拓扑性是通向翻译本体理论的根本选择。     

寡头企业价格领先竞争的均衡性

首先介绍完全信息时双寡头垄断的企业价格决策的静态模型,得到伯川德均衡;然后介绍完全信息时双寡头垄断的企业价格决策的动态模型,得到价格领先的寡头竞争模型均衡解;最后分析了后者的局限性,得到在理性假设的前提下价格领先的寡头竞争模型的均衡解不是一个稳定状态,完全信息时双寡头价格决策的动态博弈的结果必然最终趋近于静态博弈的结果。     

Disability studies after the ontological turn: a return to the material world and material bodies without a return to essentialism

Over recent decades, poststructuralist theories have allowed critical disability scholars to challenge essentialist understandings of the human species and to contest discourses which divide humans into ‘normal’/‘impaired’ subjects with respect to a wide – and ever expanding – range of corporeal and cognitive traits. For critics, however, these theories are deeply flawed. By focusing primarily on language, poststructuralism shifts our critical attention away from the often harsh material realities of life for disabled people. This has led some to turn to critical realism and to effectively re-essentialise impairment. In this article, I wish to consider an alternative approach. I suggest that the recent ‘ontological turn’ in social theory has seen the emergence of new-materialist approaches – including Deleuze and Guattari’s ontology of assemblage and methodology of assemblage analysis – which allow us to consider disability as a material phenomenon without a return to essentialism.     

英语股市新闻报道本体隐喻分析

本体隐喻就是用具体的物或人来表征抽象的概念。通过本体隐喻,股市被概念化成眼看得见的有形的物体或手摸得着的流动的水,或活蹦乱跳的,抑或可以杀戮,抑或死而复生的人。股市的本体隐喻不仅使得报道更生动易懂,而且证实了人类认知的特点和规律。     

Final report of the Color Additive Scientific Review Panel

The Color Additives Scientific Review Panel considered whether there was information sufficient to perform a carcinogenic risk assessment on the colors D&C Red No. 19 (R-19), D&C Red No. 37 (R-37), D&C Orange No. 17 (O-17), D&C Red No. 9 (R-9), D&C Red No. 8 (R-8) and FD&C Red No. 3 (R-3) and to evaluate the assessments sent to FDA as part of the petitions for use of the colors for drug and external uses by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA). There is a lack of human data concerning the colors for making a human health assessment, so the assessments are based upon the extrapolation of animal data. The risk assessments are determined for exposure to single chemicals. Excluded from consideration are possible effects from exposure to multiple chemicals, such as co-carcinogenesis, promotion, synergism, antagonism, etc. In the light of recent efforts in establishing a consensus in risk assessment, the Panel has determined that the CTFA assessments for R-10, O-17, and R-9 are consistent with present acceptable usages, although it questions some of the assumptions used in the assessments. The Panel identified a number of general assumptions made, and discusses their validity, their impact on total uncertainty, and the potential options to address the gaps in understanding that necessitate the assumption. The Panel also derived revised risk estimates using more "reasonable" assumptions than "worst-case" situations, for 90th percentile and average exposure. For those assumptions that are easily quantifiable, the Panel's estimates are less than an order of magnitude lower than the CTFA risk estimates, indicating that the underestimates and overestimates of the CTFA risk estimates tend to balance each other. The impact of most of the assumptions is not quantifiable. The assessment for R-3 is complicated by the fact that there is no good skin penetrance study for this color. It was assumed that the penetrance is similar to that of another water-soluble xanthene color, R-19. It is expected that the absorption of the color is not likely to exceed that of the smaller molecule, R-19. Therefore, the risk estimates are similar to the CTFA estimates, but with different reasoning. The estimates for R-8 and R-37 are different from the others in that there is a lack of any exposure or toxicological information on these colors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

性别视点的转换与叙事差异的形成--对由女作家原创小说改编的电视剧的解析

叙事本身即是一种视点的选择,它将影响和制约叙事者"说什么"和"怎样说".男女两性叙事性别的不同,导致男女作家创作的小说改编的电视剧的叙事差异.这种差异不仅表现在形式层面和风格层面,而且更多地体现了叙事者的主体立场、道德观念、情感指向和价值判断.     

马克思意识概念和生产概念的存在论探源 --兼论海德格尔对马克思的批评

存在与意识的关系问题,是一个关于唯物主义与唯心主义之对立的老问题,并且被恩格斯表述为哲学的基本问题,这就是说,它是一个在存在论上的基本立场问题.但是,在西方近代存在论的形而上学方式中,由意识的内在性所建立的人的主体性,在根本上导致了脱离人的感性生存的抽象的意识与抽象的存在之间的对峙,后者实际上是被前者的内在性规定出来的,因此才产生了一个关于"自在之物"的难题.海德格尔认为,马克思是用"物质生产等于人的自身生产"来确立存在对于意识的优先性的,并且由于马克思的生产概念与黑格尔的生产概念没有原则区别,故而马克思仍在意识的内在性原理中.这表明他对马克思的哲学变革缺乏真正的了解.本文从马克思关于意识概念的存在论阐发入手,证明马克思的生产概念并非来自对黑格尔的生产概念的形而上学倒转,而是把物质生产理解为"勾连着"存在本身的人的对象性存在的自我实现.这正是马克思的"新唯物主义"思想的要义所在,它构成了马克思对于资本主义的存在论批判.     

晚清小说理论的小说本体观念

晚清小说理论在界别小说与历史小说与其它文学门类的同时,对小说的本体特征作了多层面、多角度的揭示,而以"美的制作"、"虚构性"、"繁言如画"和"近世性"等提法最有理论代表性.晚清小说理论批评对小说本体的认识,已从传统中突围出来,在对西方哲学、美学和文学思想的融会中,达到了一个新的理论境界.     

Conducting research using web-based questionnaires: Practical,methodological, and ethical considerations

The use of the internet for social science research is becoming increasingly common. This paper outlines practical, methodological and ethical issues for researchers to consider when using web-based questionnaires. This is illustrated by consideration of the authors' own experience of conducting a study into the phenomenon of self-harm.