Leadership to Overcome Resistance to Change

Abstract

The thoughtful behavior analysis of organizational leadership and resistance to change by Goltz and Hietapelto (2002) inspired this follow-up article. Goltz and Hietapelto propose that organizational power is determined by the magnitude, frequency, and quantity of consequences under a person's control, and that people resist change when their consequence control is threatened. This presentation extends the Goltz and Hietapelto article by describing 14 distinctions between management and leadership, and offering 16 guidelines for effective leadership that involve more than consequence control. Thus, while managers obtain their influence by controlling other peoples' consequences, leaders go beyond consequence control to benefit the behaviors and attitudes of their colleagues and coworkers. The leadership guidelines are founded on behavioral research and are relevant and practical for any organizational employee, even those who have only minimal influence on the meaningful consequences of their own and others' work life.     

Turning Over Turnover

Abstract

Human service programs often have major problems ensuring that all direct-care staff positions are filled and keeping staff members after they are hired. Work schedules may have an effect on maintaining the longevity of staff. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a revised direct-care staff-scheduling system in community homes serving adults with developmental disabilities. The revised direct-care staffing system, which used shift-style schedules, was compared on a variety of measures to existing staffing systems and to a staffing model using married couples and adaptations of the Teaching-Family Model (called Family-Teaching homes). The revised staff-scheduling system was evaluated before and after its implementation and then compared to the Family-Teaching homes using direct-care employee measures of: (1) turnover; (2) position vacancies; (3) number of different employees paid within a pay period; (4) average hourly wages; (5) number of hours worked; (6) average cost for employees per person served; and (7) employee satisfaction. The various staffing approaches were also compared on measures of parent/legal guardian satisfaction and overall program quality. The revised staff-scheduling system was superior when compared to the previous staff-scheduling system on measures of turnover (43% less), vacancies (57% fewer), number of direct-care employees involved in the care of the persons served (13% fewer), and hourly wages (8% more). All of this was achieved without affecting staff-to-client ratios. While these changes were positive, the Family-Teaching homes were associated with significantly better direct-care staff stability and lower costs.     

基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型及案例研究

结合新兴技术的特点,在动态能力组织学习模型研究成果的基础上,提出了一个基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型。结合该模型探讨了企业动态能力推动新兴技术演化的路径。并以SONY Walkman的演化过程为例对模型进行了检验,结果表明动态能力的形成有利于新兴技术的演化。     

Training and organizational commitment: exploring the moderating role of goal orientation in the Lebanese context

In this study, we investigated the impact of organizational training on organizational commitment and whether goal orientation moderates the relationship between training and commitment. The sample consisted of 124 employees from different industries in the country of Lebanon. Multiple regression and hierarchical moderated regression were used to test hypotheses. The results of the analysis showed that training has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Moderation analysis showed that the relationship between training and affective commitment was stronger for individuals who had higher levels of learning goal orientation. Performance goal orientation failed to moderate the relationship between training and affective commitment. Ultimately, this suggests that advanced training offered to individuals with performance goal orientations may not necessarily increase their commitment to their employer, in contrast to individuals with learning goal orientations. Theoretical and management implications in the context of Lebanon are proposed.     

Paradigm lost: Reinvigorating the study of organizational culture

In spite of the importance of organizational culture, scholarly advances in our understanding of the construct appear to have stagnated. We review the state of culture research and argue that the ongoing academic debates about what culture is and how to study it have resulted in a lack of unity and precision in defining and measuring culture. This ambiguity has constrained progress in both developing a coherent theory of organizational culture and accreting replicable and valid findings. To make progress we argue that future research should focus on conceptualizing and assessing organizational culture as the norms that characterize a group or organization that if widely shared and strongly held, act as a social control system to shape members’ attitudes and behaviors. We further argue that to accomplish this, researchers need to recognize that norms can be parsed into three distinct dimensions: (1) the content or what is deemed important (e.g., teamwork, accountability, innovation), (2) the consensus or how widely shared norms are held across people, and (3) the intensity of feelings about the importance of the norm (e.g., are people willing to sanction others). From this perspective we suggest how future research might be able to clarify some of the current conflicts and confusion that characterize the current state of the field.     

试论前东欧共产党自身建设的失败

东欧国家共产党执政几十年,未能始终加强自身建设,在思想建设、组织建设和作风建设方面出现了重大失误,致使其亡党亡国。认真总结东欧国家共产党建设的经验教训,对其他社会主义国家执政的共产党建设具有重要借鉴意义     

论心理契约与组织公民行为的关系

心理契约和组织公民行为都是管理心理学研究的热点问题。“心理契约”是组织中一种隐性的联结员工和组织的心理纽带,对组织内部人员的态度和行为具有重要的影响。组织公民行为主要指员工自发性产生的那些超越了组织的正式角色规范、没有得到组织中正式的报酬系统直接或明确的回报,但从总体上提升了组织的有效运作的有益行为。心理契约与组织公民行为之间相互联系、相互影响,心理契约是组织公民行为的重要变量,不同履约程度下的组织公民行为存在显著差异;组织公民行为是心理契约的晴雨表,对心理契约有强化作用。     

云制造模式对集团企业的组织敏捷性影响机理探析——基于TCRS分析视角

日益动态复杂化的竞争环境迫使更多的企业重视提高组织敏捷性,一些制造业企业集团正在尝试云制造模式。本文运用RickDove提出的TCRS评价指标体系对云制造模式影响集团企业组织敏捷性的机理进行了分析,进而对集团企业实施云制造模式提出了建议。     

转型期我国乡镇政府组织重构探究

农村税费改革后,现行的乡镇政府职能和组织机构与当前农村社会发展的形势不相适应的矛盾日益突出。当前乡镇机构存在的问题主要表现在两个方面：一是机构庞大,人员臃肿;二是职能没有准确定位。因此,乡镇政府需要加快政府职能转变,撤乡并镇,精简人员,合理设置组织机构。     

中国经济转轨进程中组织的逻辑演进

组织的逻辑性演进对经济转轨的效率具有重要影响.1979～2002年,中国经济转轨在"有限经济性分权"逻辑下渐进式展开;政府角色先后呈现为"放权的强力型政府"与"放权的自律型政府".中共十六届三中全会后,中国转轨跨入"完善"阶段,在组织的逻辑演进方向的"设计"上,要突出两个重点:一是按照"一般市场经济"这一终极组织型态的要求推进"经济性分权"的深化;二是引入与分权型经济体制相结合的国家权力约束的观念.