《刑法》中的单位行贿罪研究

单位行为是单位在其整体意志支配下实施的为单位谋取利益的行为。单位行贿罪的犯罪对象包括非国有单位。针对不同的犯罪对象,单位行贿罪的犯罪客体存在差异。应该根据犯罪对象的性质来区分行贿罪、单位行贿罪、对单位行贿罪。应该比照行贿罪,对单位行贿罪规定不同等级的量刑幅度。《刑法》不应该对单位行贿罪规定优惠政策。     

The Cultural Orientations of Entrepreneurs and Employees’ Job Satisfaction: The Turkish Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Case

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether cultural orientations which were pervasive and salient in the society of SMEs’ entrepreneurs predict employees’ job satisfaction. Paternalism, collectivism, individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance were assessed as pervasive and salient attributes for Turkish society. Data were gathered from 217 male SMEs entrepreneurs and 1140 employees. The cultural orientations scales together with some questions related to the firms and demographics, and job diagnostic index (JDI) with demographical questions were applied to entrepreneurs and employees, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that paternalism, collectivism and power distance predicted employee job satisfaction significantly. It was argued that the congruency between entrepreneurs’ cultural orientations and employees’ cultural background and expectations, which was shaped by the organizational socialization process, might lead these results.     

关于组织承诺概念的商榷

组织承诺引入我国已有20多年,并取得了很多研究成果,但是有关组织承诺的概念仍存在不同的理解。就国内外关于组织承诺的概念进行了总结和分析,在此基础上对组织承诺的概念进行了重新界定,与各位专家学者共同探讨。     

Planning in firms as an interactive process

This paper discusses the possible uses of economic analysis for strategic planning decisions in firms. It proposes an approach which emphasizes the role of common knowledge for decentralized parallel decision processes. Planning is interpreted as an interactive process among a set of agents who use a plan to formalize a theory of action and an invalidating procedure. In the course of action the agents are supposed to cope with uncertainty as long as the chosen theory remains justified. This approach has strong connections with some recent trends in managerial economics and in particular with the current work in the production sphere which similarly illuminates the role of common knowledge through objective physical flows to promote global efficiency of the firm.     

浅谈政府人工成本控制

当前政府机关在用人的数量配置上是静态的,人工成本越来越大。政府需要随时应付社会政治、经济等多方面的变化,适时、适地、适量使用相关的人力资源是最经济的办法。     

Statistical Communique on Development of Disabled Persons Undertaking in China in 2013

正In 2013,the sixth national congress of China Disabled Persons'Federation(CDPF)was convened successfully,which had provided important idealogical and organizational guarantees for promoting innovation and development at a new starting point.Under the effective leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,Party and government departments had attached great importance,CDPF worked hard,all     

山西农村经济转型发展的模式与路径选择

要使山西农村经济实现产业化、集团化的发展,对山西农村经济发展模式的制度选择和路径分析很有必要.应明确农户加公司、股份合作、农村合作社、专业农协等模式的优势与不足,并针对这些模式存在的问题,从治理的原则、制度的建构与运行机制、培训教育,以及资金等方面采取措施,以进一步完善和提升现有农村经济组织模式.     

心理契约破裂与心理契约违背研究分析及展望

目前对于心理契约破裂和违背的内涵界定已经相对清晰,但不同学者观点仍存在一定分歧。组织有意违约、无力兑现和契约双方对承诺的理解差异是导致心理契约破裂与违背的三大主因。对心理契约违背与心理契约破裂的形成过程分析,学者主要将两者合并为同一个过程模型进行分析,这种分析适用性受二者内涵差异的制约。关于心理契约破裂和心理契约违背的后果研究主要是单层次同方向的,交互影响作用的多层次研究较少,影响了对心理契约破裂和心理契约违背的后果的全面科学认知。现有研究在联系中国经济社会、文化背景等方面还存在着一定的局限性和不足,这也成为未来心理契约破裂与心理契约违背的研究发展方向。     

How and when a salesperson's perception of organizational politics relates to proactive performance

Politics in the workplace is a reality of organizational life. Several studies have investigated the negative implications of perceived organizational politics on various work attitudes and performance measures but not on proactive performance. However, proactive performance is important in a sales context because salespeople operate in an uncertain environment, and some task aspects cannot be formalized. Moreover, there is still a need for research to analyse the psychological mechanisms that lead perceived organizational politics to cause negative reactions from employees as well as to provide new insights on the boundary conditions of this process. Therefore, we examine the effect of perceived organizational politics on proactive performance through a salesperson's trust in the sales manager, as well as the moderating role of the salesperson's experience.This study uses dyadic data from 192 salespeople and their sales managers from a range of industries. The model entails a moderated mediation process. Results support the proposed model. The findings contribute to the salesforce management literature by suggesting the need to consider the importance of perceived organizational politics and by aiding in the understanding of how and when it hinders proactive performance.     

Predictors of Capacity-Building Needs Among Nongovernmental Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play important roles in social development in the Global South. However, little evidence exists concerning NGOs’ capacity-building needs. We sought to understand organizational and network factors that explain capacity-building needs. Using an online survey of 282 NGOs in Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria, we found high levels of capacity-building need, particularly concerning resource development. Using multivariate analyses, we found greater staff size predicted less overall capacity-building need based on a 15-item index (α = .88). Examining individual capacities, receiving at least half of funding from international sources and prior capacity-building assistance were consistent predictors of lower odds of capacity-building need.