权力距离导向与员工建言:组织地位感知的影响

员工建言对于组织运营和发展的作用是不言而喻的,然而在中国情境下往往事与愿违,员工常常会选择知而不言。采用问卷调查方式收集81名团队领导与其467名下属的配对样本,运用多层线性模型方法,从文化价值观的视角探讨中国情境下不同层级个体的权力距离导向对员工建言的效应以及领导组织地位感知和员工组织地位感知在其中的调节效应。统计分析结果表明,领导权力距离导向和员工权力距离导向对员工建言行为都具有显著的负向预测作用,领导组织地位感知显著调节领导权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系,员工组织地位感知显著调节员工权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系。研究结果有助于理解中国情境下员工建言的影响因素和边界条件,对于改变这种现状、实现组织的有效管理具有重要的现实意义。     

高绩效工作系统对员工工作行为的影响——心理资本中介作用的实证研究

高绩效工作系统在人力资源管理中的价值已经受到管理者的重视。但高绩效工作系统影响员工工作行为的作用机制还有待进一步研究。本文引入心理资本作为中介变量,提出假设和建构概念模型,并运用在全国不同地区30家企业调查的322份样本对提出的假设进行验证。实证研究表明:高绩效工作系统及其各维度对心理资本均有正向影响;高绩效工作系统及其各维度和心理资本能够对员工工作行为产生直接或间接正向影响;心理资本在高绩效工作系统对员工工作行为的影响中起到部分中介作用。     

论创新的系统性:从文化创新到组织和制度的创新

创新是一个系统工程,也是一个创造性的过程,从创新思想到目标的实现存在于各个环节,参与各环节的人以层级分明、分工合作、密切配合,整体性强于个体的思想为出发点,所以创新就必须有组织地进行管理和分工协作,没有分工协作就缺少创新的系统性,而组织在分工协作的运行规则则是一种制度的支撑,而制度的支撑则是一个社会文化精神的体现。概括地讲,文化创新主要解决创新的精神层面的人文环境(思想力),组织创新解决创新方案的执行效率(执行力),制度创新解决创新行为的常规化和持续化(持续力),三者互为支持系统又互为表里,从而形成一个互为牵连、互相促进的创新系统。     

西藏高校教师工作满意度与组织承诺关系研究

“组织承诺”作为一种心理定式,与高校教师的工作积极性密切相关,不仅影响教师的心理健康,且影响教学质量,进一步影响到学校的教学与管理.建立不同职称、性别、年龄、教师满意的组织承诺,将有利于提高西藏高校的教育水平和教学质量.     

Visualizing Count Data Regressions Using Rootograms

The rootogram is a graphical tool associated with the work of J. W. Tukey that was originally used for assessing goodness of fit of univariate distributions. Here, we extend the rootogram to regression models and show that this is particularly useful for diagnosing and treating issues such as overdispersion and/or excess zeros in count data models. We also introduce a weighted version of the rootogram that can be applied out of sample or to (weighted) subsets of the data, for example, in finite mixture models. An empirical illustration revisiting a well-known dataset from ethology is included, for which a negative binomial hurdle model is employed. Supplementary materials providing two further illustrations are available online: the first, using data from public health, employs a two-component finite mixture of negative binomial models; the second, using data from finance, involves underdispersion. An R implementation of our tools is available in the R package countreg. It also contains the data and replication code.     

One sample tests of location for nonnormal symmetric data

A score test of location is derived for data from a distorted normal distribution. A simulation study compares the performance of this test to the t-test and Wilcoxon test for symmetric data from such a distribution. For this type of data the score test can be considerably more powerful than both the t-test and Wilcoxon test. This suggests that such a score test may be useful in practice when variations from normality can be modeled by such a family of distributions.     

A Discrete Distribution Arising as a Solution of a Linear Difference Equation: Extension of the Non Central Negative Binomial Distribution

This article considers a discrete distribution that arises as the dominant solution of a linear difference equation. Basic properties and various chance mechanisms that lead to this distribution are given. In particular, its formulation as a weighted distribution and a mixed Poisson process are proposed. Parameter estimation by (a) using a combination of observed frequencies and moments and (b) maximum likelihood are examined. An example of goodness of fit is considered.     

组织知识创造中默会知识问题

组织知识创造研究强调默会知识向显式知识转变的核心环节,然而这一环节的前提是默会知识是如何可能的问题。以柏拉图的学习即回忆说为切入点,认为默会知识有分析性和综合性两种,分析性默会知识向显式知识的转变本质上是将蕴涵于相关显式知识之中而又不为意识所意识到的知识发掘出来,而综合性默会知识向显式知识的转变本质上是认知主体在其显式知识结构中寻找与主题相关的知识与推演规则,并据此推演出相应的默会知识。组织知识创造所涉及到的默会知识不仅是可能的,而且能转变为显式知识。     

Critical reflection workshops and knowledge exchange: findings from a Scottish project

In 2013, academics from a Scottish university came together with social work managers and practitioners from two local authorities (LAs) in Scotland to run a knowledge exchange (KE) project co‐sponsored by the Economic and Social Research Council and the LAs. The project's aim was an ambitious one: to contribute to culture change in the children and families' departments in the two partner agencies. The project grew out of an earlier KE venture that had explored ways of engaging better with involuntary service users in social work; it thus both anticipated and reflected wider concerns about services for children that were also demonstrated in Munro's Review of Child Protection. The KE project had three components: training for managers, practitioner research projects and critical reflection workshops. Whether, and to what degree, the KE project changed culture is not the focus of this paper, which is written jointly by academic researchers and practitioners. Instead, one element of the KE project, namely the critical reflection workshops, is discussed. Findings provide strong evidence of the pressures currently experienced by children and families' services in the UK public sector. They also indicate how important good relationships are in building meaningful KE.