慈善组织演进轨迹与培育路径

对于慈善组织的出现,市场失灵理论和政府失灵理论具有较强的解释力。中国悠久的慈善文化为本土慈善组织的兴起和发展也提供了深厚的思想基础。中国慈善组织经历了从传统的狭隘性到近代转型,从新中国成立后的长期沉寂到当代的繁荣的曲折发展历程。当今中国的慈善组织在自然灾害、基础教育、医疗卫生、扶老助残和慈善支持等领域发挥着重大作用。然而,要实现中国慈善组织的可持续发展,必须从宏观制度安排、社会环境改善和慈善组织自身的革新等方面作出努力。     

Framing breast cancer: Building an agenda through online advocacy and fundraising

Using qualitative content analysis, this study employs agenda building and framing to examine e-mail messages from Susan G. Komen for the Cure and the Komen Advocacy Alliance to determine strategies for communicating about breast cancer and inspiring involvement in nonprofit advocacy and fundraising efforts. Three types of messages, nine frames, and various tactics emerged among 50 messages sent during 1 year. Theoretical implications and practical applications for public relations and fundraising professionals are discussed.     

Gendered Projects of Solidarity: Workplace Organizing among Immigrant Women and Men

Drawing on an ethnography of organizing among Latina/o immigrant janitors in Los Angeles, I argue that constructing workplace solidarity between women and men is a dynamic, gendered project. I demonstrate both how this project unfolds and how it can be halted, with varying implications for gender and class inequality at work. Organizational restructuring upsets gender‐segregated divisions of labour making solidarity between women and men possible but restructuring also allows workers to reinforce gendered divisions and cultural distinctions. The mechanism pushing workers one way or the other is the degree to which the process of organizing recognizes gender inequalities.     

Participation in formal and informal volunteering: Implications for volunteer recruitment

This study examines factors influencing “formal” volunteering (that is, to an organization) and “informal” volunteering (that is, volunteering carried out individually outside of an organizational context) and the relationship between these two activities. We hypothesize that formal and informal volunteering activities are positively interrelated but that they are shaped by different types of personal resources: involvement in social networks increases the likelihood of both types of volunteering, but human capital increases the likelihood of formal volunteering rather than informal. The bivariate probit regression results emanating from the Independent Sector's “Giving and Volunteering in the United States, 2001” survey are generally supportive of the hypotheses. The findings suggest that nonprofit and public organizations that involve volunteers consider the pool of informal volunteers as a fertile ground for recruitment and find ways to better utilize older Americans in formal volunteering. The results also suggest that volunteer recruitment through organizational membership may be an effective strategy.     

The Diffusion and Innovation of Muslim Organizations in Denmark

Since 1965, the latest immigration to Denmark has not only brought new groups to the country but also resulted in new organizations, associations and movements established by people with Muslim background. In order to understand this extension and renewal of Danish civil society I distinguish between forms of organizations and forms of diffusion. The outcome of the analysis reveals four distinct clusters of Muslim organizations in Denmark: The first generation of Muslim associations was characterized by centralized state sponsored organizations, governed and financed by Arab countries and Turkey. The second generation of Muslim organizations took the form of transnational social movements and were often set up as a counterpart to the state sponsored organizations. The third wave of organization building, the so-called homegrown organizations, tried to unite Muslims in Denmark and worked for a dialog with the Danish majority. Most of the Muslim youth organizations belong to this category. However, some political Islamic youth organizations and networks have chosen an alternative strategy that challenges mainstream Danish institutions and values. The reaction of the government has been to tone down cooperation with representatives from the immigrant population and especially representatives from the Muslim minority.     

How to be heard on microblogs? Nonprofit organizations' follower networks and post features for information diffusion in China

This study tackles the gap in public relations research on what drives users of microblogs in China to follow nonprofit organization (NPO) accounts and share (retweet) their posts, from a multidimensional perspective of the NPO, the microblog audience, and the post features. Using a content analysis of Sina Weibo data of 95 NPO accounts, results suggested that an NPO's status on Weibo is a significant predictor of its follower number. Follower numbers and activeness directly affected the NPO's number of retweets. Informative posts and posts that fulfill multiple gratifications were found to be more sharable than other post types. In addition, a post's originality, media richness, inclusion of opinion leaders, and endorsement by influential users all contributed to its level of circulation. This knowledge is essential for NPOs to spread information and build online communities that facilitate dialogic engagement and quality organization–public relationships with their stakeholders on social media in China's context.     

When Freedom is Not an Endless Meeting: A New Look at Efficiency in Consensus‐Based Decision Making

It is axiomatic among scholars of participatory democracy that consensus‐based decision making is inefficient, yet no study has systematically assessed that claim. This article examines the efficiency of consensus decision making in 12 social movement groups from the German autonomous and nonviolence movements. Data were analyzed from 62 semistructured interviews regarding how long it took each group to make a typical decision and what types of decisions were the easiest and most difficult to make. A measure of inclusiveness was included to determine whether efficiency was attained by silencing dissent. Most decisions were made in less than two hours. Factors were identified that distinguished more and less efficient groups.     

Diversity Regimes in Worker Cooperatives: Workplace Inequality under Conditions of Worker Control

Two major shifts in contemporary work organizations—“employee participation” and “diversity management”—have typically been studied in isolation from one another. Building on theoretical work by Acker (2006a,b), we ask how the interaction of these two constructs has affected the pursuit of workplace democracy at two worker cooperatives in Northern California. Using qualitative methods, we find that distinct “diversity regimes” have emerged at these establishments, substantially affecting the configurations of inequality that evolved. We distinguish two types of diversity regimes—“utilitarian” and “communitarian”—which operate either to obscure the workings of inequality or to foster attention to their presence. Our results suggest that how sociodemographic differences are managed has material consequences for the development of egalitarian structures at work.     

公益组织培育新机制——公益组织孵化器研究

在支持型组织理论的基础上建立起来的公益组织孵化器,是一种为中小型初创公益组织提供支持环境的新型社会组织,也是社会组织培育的新机制。通过分析建立和发展公益组织孵化器的必要性,研究了公益组织孵化器的内涵、功能,分析了目前我国孵化器发展的主要模式,对孵化器的建设和发展提出构建完整的公益组织发展生态系统、公益事业产业链、加强公益组织孵化器自身的能力建设和提供稳定有力的政策支持等对策建议。     

书院制：高校学生教育管理机制的创新与探索

高校的完全学分制给学生带来了更多的自由选择,激发了学生的学习自主性、积极性,但是也给学生教育管理带来难度和工作量,传统的学生评价体系需要改革完善。东港学院为配合学分制改革,创新一种管理模式———书院制。打破传统的系科建设,成立五大书院,引进社区、学区、番号班级等新的管理理念,对学生的党团组织建设、班级建设进行了全新的改革,建立了新的学生评价体系。