比较文学研究中"非此即彼"模式的批判

论述比较文学学科自"法国学派"和"美国学派"以来的几次危机及其成因.在以"跨文化研究"为特征的比较文学发展新阶段,西方传统的本质主义的"逻各斯中心主义"仍是比较文学发展的一个重要制约因素,其表现形式--非此即彼的思维方式以各种变体构成对比较文学学科发展的深重的危害.     

经济冷战研究综述

经济冷战是冷战的重要组成部分.西方学术界,特别是20世纪八、九十年代新档案解密以来,在宏观及微观研究中都取得了丰盛的成果,本文试图从其起源问题及其他问题两方面来分析.中国学术界在这一领域成果相对有限,主要是对经济冷战宏观性地描述及对具体事件的勾画.     

当代英美哲学实在论与反实在论语境中的他心问题

身心问题是西方形而上学传统中的一个重要问题,通常也被看作形而上学问题的主要内容。但自从20世纪初的一场哲学革命之后,随着形而上学的被抛弃,身心问题也被英美哲学家们看作思辨哲学的最后堡垒而被抛弃了。由于语言哲学的深入发展,特别是因为后期维特根斯坦的工作,哲学家们愈加关注语言使用者的心灵活动对语言使用所产生的重要的甚至是关键性的影响,对心灵问题的研究正逐渐成为英美语言哲学发展的最新形式,“心灵哲学”被看作是语言哲学的核心。而在这个领域中,他心问题则是实在论与反实在论争论的焦点所在。     

高校开设毒品知识课程必要性探析

本文从分析吉林省高校学生具备的毒品知识水平调查结果入手,用抽样统计数据反映了当前我省大学生对毒品认识的总体状况和掌握毒品知识的总体水平。通过介绍当前高校面临的毒品入侵风险,结合新型毒品的蔓延趋势,论述了高校开设毒品知识课程的重要性、现实性、必要性,并对开展高校毒品知识教育的方式方法、手段途径等进行了探讨。     

日本山梨县城乡一体化现状考察与思考

日本山梨县城乡一体化的现状,从经济结构上看,表现在就业者的产业结构、国民收入及恩格尔系数和社会商品零售额等方面;从基础设施上看,体现在人均铺装道路面积、医疗机构以及上下水状况等公共设施的发展水平上;从人的现代化上看,反映在教育、文化、体育、休闲等方面。它给我们的启示是:城乡一体化是一个长期过程,是一项系统工程,是一种现代文明。     

救他与救己--鲁迅启蒙主义小说思想的二重性

在现代性视野内,鲁迅启蒙主义小说呈现出"救他"与"救己"的双重意蕴.这种意蕴根源于中国思想启蒙的独特困境.<狂人日记>的意义在于它第一次从历史和现实两个方面标示了这种困境.     

Some Applications of Order Statistics to Multivariate Analysis II

ABSTRACT

Harter (1979) summarized applications of order statistics to multivariate analysis up through 1949. The present paper covers the period 1950–1959. References in the two papers were selected from the first and second volumes, respectively, of the author's chronological annotated bibliography on order statistics [Harter (1978, 1983)]. Tintner (1950a) established formal relations between four special types of multivariate analysis: (1) canonical correlation, (2) principal components, (3) weighted regression, and (4) discriminant analysis, all of which depend on ordered roots of determinantal equations. During the decade 1950–1959, numerous authors contributed to distribution theory and/or computational methods for ordered roots and their applications to multivariate analysis. Test criteria for (i) multivariate analysis of variance, (ii) comparison of variance–covariance matrices, and (iii) multiple independence of groups of variates when the parent population is multivariate normal were usually derived from the likelihood ratio principle until S. N. Roy (1953) formulated the union–intersection principles on which Roy & Bose (1953) based their simultaneous test and confidence procedure. Roy & Bargmann (1958) used an alternative procedure, called the step–down procedure, in deriving a test for problem (iii), and J. Roy (1958) applied the step–down procedure to problem (i) and (ii), Various authors developed and applied distribution theory for several multivariate distributions. Advances were also made on multivariate tolerance regions [Fraser & Wormleighton (1951), Fraser (1951, 1953), Fraser & Guttman (1956), Kemperman (1956), and Somerville (1958)], a criterion for rejection of multivariate outliers [Kudô (1957)], and linear estimators, from censored samples, of parameters of multivariate normal populations [Watterson (1958, 1959)]. Textbooks on multivariate analysis were published by Kendall (1957) and Anderson (1958), as well as a monograph by Roy (1957) and a book of tables by Pillai (1957).     

An analysis of online pregnancy message boards: Mother-to-mother advice on medication use

Problem and backgroundPsychotropic medication use is increasingly common among pregnant women. Many women solicit information from other mothers about the safety of these medications for use during pregnancy, yet little is known about the specific advice they receive.AimThe purpose of the current study was to examine the type of feedback women receive on a popular internet message board about psychotropic medication use during pregnancy.MethodsA modified Consensual Qualitative Research approach was used to analyze 1728 comments posted by Babycenter.com users about the safety of the use of six common psychotropic medications during pregnancy. Researchers analyzed the comments for overall themes and core ideas.FindingsResults found that comments were comprised of six themes: (1) Personal Anecdotes, (2) Suggesting Alternative Solutions, (3) Directives, (4) Judgement, (5) Social Support, (6) Skepticism & Mistrust, and (7) Risks vs. Benefits. While many comments conveyed emotional support, or encouraged women to seek professional advice, others contained inaccurate and/or contradictory information, or harsh criticism.ConclusionGiven that the decision about the use of medication during pregnancy has implications for the health of the mother and fetus, it is important for care providers to be aware of what feedback women may receive from this source. Providers should address questions and concerns that women have about safety of these medications and recognize how the social context of the internet impacts the emotional health of pregnant women faced with these decisions.     

张家山汉简所反映的适用刑罚原则

关于汉代适用刑罚的情况 ,史籍仅有零星的记载 ,张家山汉简《二年律令》、《奏谳书》所见则较系统地反映了汉初适用刑罚的若干原则 :以罪刑相应、维护特权为基础 ,实行故意从重、过失从轻、严惩团伙、重判再犯、从严治吏、宽宥老幼、自出减刑、立功赎罪、诬告反坐、故纵同罪、重科不孝等原则。罪刑相应、维护特权的原则具有鲜明的阶级性与可衡量性 ,其中既包含罪刑法定的因素 ,依法律条款定罪 ,注重犯罪动机、犯罪形态及危害结果 ,严格区分已遂与未遂 ;又存在收孥连坐、维护特权的规定 ,表明其罪刑相应只是相对、不彻底的。维护特权主要表现在贵族、官员、有爵者可在一定条件下减、免刑罚     

“兴灭继绝”与“以夷制夷”——试述传统政治文化对晚清东亚外交的影响

依照文化(主要是政治文化)影响国际关系和各国外交的理论,前者对国际关系和各国外交存在着诸多方面的影响.施政惯例是政治文化的重要组成部分,它在各国外交中的作用主要是为各国外交行为体的外交行为提供相关的策略资源.在晚清的东亚外交活动中,统治者充分运用了"兴灭继绝"和"以夷制夷"这两个具有中国传统政治文化特色的施政惯例,以此促进了规复琉球和劝导朝鲜主动开国这两项政策的制定,并对相关外交政策的实施起到了巨大的推动作用.