邓小平的精神气质及其理论的“思想史”意义

邓小平将马克思主义的精髓与“活的灵魂”深入贯彻到新的理论和新的实践,在当代视域中实现了对马克思主义的“总体性”创新,从而在新的起点上实现了对马克思主义精髓的继承、发展和螺旋式复归。邓小平的实践历程,展现了他独特的政治风范和精神气质,其创新性理论必将在马克思主义思想史上和非马克思主义的世界思想史上留下“普世”的价值和意义。     

心理健康与大学生全面发展

从大学生心理健康存在的问题及心理健康在大学生全面发展中的意义,说明了大学生心理健康与全面发展的关系,强调了大学生心理健康工作的重要性。并提出如何增进和维护大学生心理健康,促进大学生全面发展。     

公民社会与人的全面发展

随着公民社会话语在当代中国语境的逐渐兴起,关于公民社会的讨论日益成理论界的一大景观。公民社会与社会主义和谐社会的最高价值目标即人的全面发展之间有着内在的深层关联。公民社会是透视人的全面发展的崭新视域,人的全面发展是公民社会的题中应有之义。当前要培育公民社会,促进社会和谐,最终实现人的全面发展。     

扩招后高校课程表的编排、管理的优化

课程表是学校每学期教学计划的具体体现,是高等学校日常教学活动的“指挥调度表”,是教学任务能够很好完成的重要保证。扩招后如何优化高校课程表的编排和管理,是关乎教学运行的关键。     

总体性观照下的“中国特色”

“中国特色”是中国特色社会主义这一整体性命题不可分割的一个基本组成部分,要确证中国特色社会主义的历史必然就必须要对“中国特色”作出科学的说明和把握。总体性的观照就是要将“中国特色”作为一个历史的、理论的和实践的有机整体置于宏大的社会主义发展历史背景之下作总体性考察,置于中国特色社会主义这个总命题中去进行总体性分析,全面把握“中国特色”的历史地位、基本内涵和精神实质。     

建设和谐文化与促进人的全面发展

构建社会主义和谐社会在客观上要求培育和建设和谐文化,建设和谐文化是实现社会和谐的文化源泉和精神动力;建设和谐文化与促进人的全面发展在本质上具有一致性,也离不开对人的全面发展的追求。     

马克思"自由"意蕴中的休闲思想

马克思将自己的理论工作定位为"批判旧世界中发现新世界",他的休闲思想正是隐喻在这种"批判"与"发现"中。这种隐喻可以从马克思对于自由时间、自由活动和人的自由全面发展的论述中得到指认和证明。     

Estimates of subgroup treatment effects in overall nonsignificant trials: To what extent should we believe in them?

In drug development, it sometimes occurs that a new drug does not demonstrate effectiveness for the full study population but appears to be beneficial in a relevant subgroup. In case the subgroup of interest was not part of a confirmatory testing strategy, the inflation of the overall type I error is substantial and therefore such a subgroup analysis finding can only be seen as exploratory at best. To support such exploratory findings, an appropriate replication of the subgroup finding should be undertaken in a new trial. We should, however, be reasonably confident in the observed treatment effect size to be able to use this estimate in a replication trial in the subpopulation of interest. We were therefore interested in evaluating the bias of the estimate of the subgroup treatment effect, after selection based on significance for the subgroup in an overall “failed” trial. Different scenarios, involving continuous as well as dichotomous outcomes, were investigated via simulation studies. It is shown that the bias associated with subgroup findings in overall nonsignificant clinical trials is on average large and varies substantially across plausible scenarios. This renders the subgroup treatment estimate from the original trial of limited value to design the replication trial. An empirical Bayesian shrinkage method is suggested to minimize this overestimation. The proposed estimator appears to offer either a good or a conservative correction to the observed subgroup treatment effect hence provides a more reliable subgroup treatment effect estimate for adequate planning of future studies.     

Adaptive phase I/II clinical trials for drug combination assessment in oncology using the outcomes of each cycle

Many new anticancer agents can be combined with existing drugs, as combining a number of drugs may be expected to have a better therapeutic effect than monotherapy owing to synergistic effects. Furthermore, to drive drug development and to reduce the associated cost, there has been a growing tendency to combine these as phase I/II trials. With respect to phase I/II oncology trials for the assessment of dose combinations, in the existing methodologies in which efficacy based on tumor response and safety based on toxicity are modeled as binary outcomes, it is not possible to enroll and treat the next cohort of patients unless the best overall response has been determined in the current cohort. Thus, the trial duration might be potentially extended to an unacceptable degree. In this study, we proposed a method that randomizes the next cohort of patients in the phase II part to the dose combination based on the estimated response rate using all the available observed data upon determination of the overall response in the current cohort. We compared the proposed method to the existing method using simulation studies. These demonstrated that the percentage of optimal dose combinations selected in the proposed method is not less than that in the existing method and that the trial duration in the proposed method is shortened compared to that in the existing method. The proposed method meets both ethical and financial requirements, and we believe it has the potential to contribute to expedite drug development.     

古镇旅游资源开发的总体设计思路——以胜芳古镇旅游资源开发为例

以胜芳古镇旅游资源开发为例,通过对古镇旅游资源的分析评价、SWOT分析、古镇旅游发展目标与战略等问题的分析,扼要阐释了古镇旅游资源开发的总体设计思路。