Kazakhstan's Economic Challenges: How To Manage the Oil Boom?

Kazakhstan's economic performance over the past six years has been impressive. Yet, a number of challenges remain. This paper discusses the management of oil revenues, the oil infrastructure, and the development of the oil and nonoil sectors of the economy.     

油气田企业税费制度沿革及改革建议

油气田企业税费制度的形成经历了一个曲折的过程,新税制对油气田企业产生了极为深刻的影响,加重了油气田企业税收负担,存在一定的局限性,其问题突出表现为企业所得税不利于油气田企业筹集勘探资金,增值税税负高于其他矿业企业,资源税费设计不够合理等。建议实行消费型增值税,并降低增值税税率,扩大企业所得税前扣除范围,取消矿产资源补偿费,改革资源税制。     

评20世纪70年代墨西哥外交政策

20世纪70年代是墨西哥外交政策的新阶段。国际格局向多极化的转变尤其是第三世界的崛起,是导致新的外交政策出现的国际因素,70年代后墨西哥进口替代工业化所产生的经济和社会问题是新的外交政策产生的国内背景。70年代埃切维里亚时期和波蒂略时期墨西哥外交政策的主要内容包括:第三世界主义外交;多元化外交;石油外交。这一时期墨西哥在国际上赢得了较大影响力,政治地位有了很大提高,但谋求出口多元化的目标却没有实现,反映了这一时期外交政策的政治目标,即迎合国内左派,维持政权合法性和经济目标,即使出口多元化之间的矛盾和冲突。     

一维滑块推力轴承高阶非线性油膜力误差分析

导出了瞬态雷诺方程,利用油膜厚度和压力的Taylor级数的展开式,解出了各阶非线性油膜力的解析式以及相应的线性及非线性刚度和阻尼系数和刚度阻尼耦合系数,并对其进行了无量纲化.研究了油膜力的各阶相对误差.结果表明,随着油膜厚度的增加,油膜力的相对误差愈来愈大,说明了非线性的影响程度愈加突出.     

Oil and gas depletion: Diffusion models and forecasting under strategic intervention

Crude oil and natural gas depletion may be modelled by a diffusion process based upon a constrained life-cycle. Here we consider the Generalized Bass Model. The choice is motivated by the realistic assumption that there is a self-evident link between oil and gas extraction and the spreading of the modern technologies in wide areas such as transport, heating, cooling, chemistry and hydrocarbon fuels consumption. Such a model may include deterministic or semi-deterministic regulatory interventions. Statistical analysis is based upon nonlinear methodologies and more flexible autoregressive structure of residuals. The technical aim of this paper is to outline the meaningful hierarchy existing among the components of such diffusion models. Statistical effort in residual component analysis may be read as a significant confirmation of a well-founded diffusion process under rare but strong deterministic shocks. Applications of such ideas are proposed with reference to world oil and gas production data and to particular regions such as mainland U.S.A., U.K., Norway and Alaska. The main results give new evidence in time-peaks location and in residual times to depletion.     

石油天然气生产企业DR＆A成本的会计核算

2001年6月,美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB)发布了SFAS NO.143———资产报废债务会计。该准则的发布与实施将对石油天然气生产企业油气资产报废所涉及的拆卸、恢复和废弃成本(DR&A成本)的会计处理实务产生重大影响,将导致其会计核算方法的重大变革。SFAS NO.143的实施将消除因采用SFAS NO.19而造成的资产报废债务在财务报告中披露不一现象,为财务报告使用人提供更为客观而且可比的财务信息。     

HPAM 溶液驱油过程中弹性作用的探讨

HPAM 溶液在多孔介质中流动时,如果流速达到某一临界值,由于分子结构的特性,将会表现出弹性,使有效粘度增加。但是从注入井到生产井的流动过程中,流速是不断变化的,其弹性作用的有效距离及对驱油的贡献有多大,一直没有统一的认识。该文研究了注入速度对常规HPAM 溶液弹性的影响,对比研究了没有弹性的黄原胶分子、甘油与常规HPAM 的驱油效率,最终确定了HPAM 在地下驱油过程中弹性作用的有效距离。     

多孔介质中油气体系相平衡规律研究

油气体系和储层多孔介质是一个相互作用的系统,当地层压力低于饱和压力时,储层中同时存在气、液、固(指岩石) 三相。在多孔介质中,由于孔隙半径小,因而毛细管压力应予以考虑。在建立了考虑毛细管压力的相平衡计算模型之后,针对二个凝析气藏,一个黑油油藏和一个挥发油藏,分别对其油气体系的毛细管压力、饱和压力和恒组成膨胀过程中液相含量进行了相态模拟计算,并总结出毛细管压力对油气体系相平衡的影响规律。     

Bayesian deconvolution of oil well test data using Gaussian processes

We use Bayesian methods to infer an unobserved function that is convolved with a known kernel. Our method is based on the assumption that the function of interest is a Gaussian process and, assuming a particular correlation structure, the resulting convolution is also a Gaussian process. This fact is used to obtain inferences regarding the unobserved process, effectively providing a deconvolution method. We apply the methodology to the problem of estimating the parameters of an oil reservoir from well-test pressure data. Here, the unknown process describes the structure of the well. Applications to data from Mexican oil wells show very accurate results.