落葵籽油理化性质的研究

采用微波辅助旋转回流提取法提取落葵籽油,对落葵籽油的理化性质进行了检测,并将其与葵花籽油作对比,还分析了落葵籽油的品质.结果如下:折光指数为1.469 2;水分及挥发物含量为0.182%;过氧化值为1.41μmol/g;酸价为1.480 mg/g(以KOH计),皂化价为195.83 mg/g(以KOH计),碘价为101.5 8 g/hg碘(以I计)。上述结果表明落葵籽油可作为膳食用油,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

酿酒微生物和果胶酶对葡萄酒甲醇和杂醇油生成的影响

研究了葡萄酒酿造过程中添加果胶酶、接种酵母菌、接种乳酸菌以及控制发酵温度等工艺对甲醇和杂醇油产生量的影响.结果表明,果胶酶的种类和发酵温度都会直接影响葡萄酒中甲醇的含量.酵母的类型、接种量是影响葡萄酒中杂醇油含量的重要因素,酒精发酵前添加果胶酶能够降低杂醇油的生成量,而接种乳酸菌进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵和较高的发酵温度都会导致葡萄酒中杂醇油的含量增加.     

双河Ⅴ上层系特高含水期提高采收率技术实践

双河油田Ⅴ_上层系综合含水高达95.21%,已进入特高含水开发后期,层间层内非均质性严重,层间动用状况差异大,主力油层水淹严重。分析了Ⅴ_上层系开发中所面临的主要问题：油水井井距大,井网不完善,注水利用率低,注水井吸水剖面不均匀。利用油水井测井测试资料和油藏数值模拟方法,明确了特高含水开发后期剩余油潜力分布。指出下步的调整方向是油层边角部位、断层附近的剩余油富集区和剩余储量高的部位。提出了井网完善调整、调剖封堵大孔道、三次采油等技术,应用于现场实际中,取得了明显的降水增油效果,提高了水驱采收率,形成了一套特高含水开发后期提高采收率技术,对非均质油藏改善开发效果有借鉴作用。     

高矿化度低渗透油藏聚合物弱凝胶驱油试验

以侏罗系低渗透高矿化度油藏为对象, 总结了近年来油田进行聚合物驱油试验的经验与教训, 根据目前国内外聚合物弱凝胶驱油技术进展, 结合研究区的地质特征和开发状况, 研制出适用于侏罗系高矿化度低渗透油藏的聚合物弱凝胶驱油体系, 并进行了现场试验。现场试验表明： 聚合物弱凝胶体系适用于高矿化度低渗透油藏, 能有效减缓低渗透油藏产量递减, 降低含水, 提高采收率。     

关于扩大我国海洋溢油生态损害索赔主体的思考——以“康菲溢油”事件为视角

我国当前立法海洋生态损害赔偿的规定模糊且索赔主体的范围狭窄,在实践中缺乏可操作性,容易导致多个行政主管部门之间职责和权限的冲突,不利于保护海洋生态损害案件的受害人,也不利于保护海洋环境。应当扩大我国海洋溢油生态损害索赔主体的范围,将检察机关、公民、法人及其他社会组织和环保非政府组织等主体都纳入海洋溢油生态损害索赔主体范围,以充分地赔偿油污受害人的损失,进而保护海洋环境。     

Optimal location and capability of oil-spill response facilities for the south coast of Newfoundland

The south coast of Newfoundland (Canada) includes both open sea and semi-enclosed waterways which collectively account for over 20,000 vessel movements annually. Every such movement poses the risk of an oil spill which can endanger the fragile marine life and tourism locales in the region, and is a source of concern to the communities. In an effort to analyze the problem, we present a two-stage stochastic programming approach which tackles both the location and stockpile of equipment at the emergency response facilities. The proposed optimization program was tested on realistic data collected from publicly available reports and through personal communications with emergency response personnel. These data were then varied to solve a number of scenarios which account for the stochastic nature of the problem parameters. Although only two response facilities seem to be appropriate for almost all scenarios, the size of equipment stockpile is a function of both the societal disutility factor and the trade-off between environmental cost and facility and equipment acquisition cost.     

Disruptions in tightly coupled supply chain networks: the case of the US offshore oil industry

Managers have paid increasing attention to the exposure of their supply chains to disruptions and seek ways to mitigate supply chain vulnerability. The interconnectedness of tightly coupled supply chain networks makes this a challenging task, because interconnectedness and tight coupling of nodes in the network lead to an amplification of the actual risk exposure. This phenomenon can be attributed to the propagation of losses through the network, which exhibits certain dynamics. In order to investigate this mechanism, we studied the complex supply chain network of the oil industry in the Gulf of Mexico. Our results provide an estimate of the economic impact of eventual random and hurricane-related disruptions and can be used as a decision support tool for risk management of supply disruptions in interconnected supply chain networks.     

中国原油进口效率研究

中国原油进口规模不断增大,原油进口效率变得日益重要。中国是原油生产大国,为提高原油进口效率提供了坚实基础。从近几年中国原油进口量、进口价格和国际油价波动的月际数据量化分析的结果看,中国原油进口效率总体上是比较低的。如果将由中国原油需求快速增长所产生的内在刚性压力考虑在内,中国原油进口效率表现得不是太低,但是中国原油进口效率没有随着原油进口历史延伸而得到改善。中国原油进口效率过低会对国内经济造成很大损失。为了提高原油进口效率,中国需要在提高国际油价走势预测能力、完善相应配套措施和交易机制等方面做出努力。     

基于不同视角的油价合理性认知

关于石油价格从来都是论调不一,油价的每一步改革都会引得众说纷纭。政府、石油行业和企业以及普通消费者都有各自的油价预期。油价改革应兼顾国家和人类的长远发展和现实可行性,不同价格段采用不同的定价策略:低油价阶段要保证不低于新能源的开发成本价,合理价格段完全追随国际定价,高油价阶段低于并滞后国际石油价格。     

我国地沟油产业链的网络治理研究

近来我国地沟油问题的严重性引发了学者们对此研究的关注,为彻底有效地解决该问题,结合我国当前地沟油问题的监管现状及其有效利用途径和问题,以产业链治理理论为基础,探讨以能源制造为目的地沟油产业链构建及其网络治理思路,为我国地沟油问题的彻底和有效解决提供参考依据。