姚鼐“老年惟耽爱释氏之学”之我见

姚鼐的思想经过由青壮年独尊程朱儒学到老年笃信佛学的变化。其浅层原因,是王文治等人的影响;深层内因,则是由于他被迫辞官后,抚慰其淡泊心态的需要。实则他对儒、佛、道家思想皆有吸纳,都不过是借以为精神寄托和充当文学创作的“门面语”。这给其文学创作带来积极和消极两方面的影响。     

Type I error rates from likelihood‐based repeated measures analyses of incomplete longitudinal data

The last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach is commonly utilized to handle missing values in the primary analysis of clinical trials. However, recent evidence suggests that likelihood‐based analyses developed under the missing at random (MAR) framework are sensible alternatives. The objective of this study was to assess the Type I error rates from a likelihood‐based MAR approach – mixed‐model repeated measures (MMRM) – compared with LOCF when estimating treatment contrasts for mean change from baseline to endpoint (Δ). Data emulating neuropsychiatric clinical trials were simulated in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of scenarios, using four patterns of mean changes over time and four strategies for deleting data to generate subject dropout via an MAR mechanism. In data with no dropout, estimates of Δ and SE_Δ from MMRM and LOCF were identical. In data with dropout, the Type I error rates (averaged across all scenarios) for MMRM and LOCF were 5.49% and 16.76%, respectively. In 11 of the 16 scenarios, the Type I error rate from MMRM was at least 1.00% closer to the expected rate of 5.00% than the corresponding rate from LOCF. In no scenario did LOCF yield a Type I error rate that was at least 1.00% closer to the expected rate than the corresponding rate from MMRM. The average estimate of SE_Δ from MMRM was greater in data with dropout than in complete data, whereas the average estimate of SE_Δ from LOCF was smaller in data with dropout than in complete data, suggesting that standard errors from MMRM better reflected the uncertainty in the data. The results from this investigation support those from previous studies, which found that MMRM provided reasonable control of Type I error even in the presence of MNAR missingness. No universally best approach to analysis of longitudinal data exists. However, likelihood‐based MAR approaches have been shown to perform well in a variety of situations and are a sensible alternative to the LOCF approach. MNAR methods can be used within a sensitivity analysis framework to test the potential presence and impact of MNAR data, thereby assessing robustness of results from an MAR method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大学生权利保障：权力和权利辨析的视角

当下大学生的权利被广泛关注，但是大学生的权利却往往不能得到很好的保障和维护，其中一个重要原因就是大学生缺乏一个强有力的权力保障。在我国高等教育的现实中，大学生在学校管理中的权力却微乎其微。权利必须用权力来维护和保障。由此，应正视权利和权力的本质区别；在学校管理中赋予大学生合法的地位和身份，给予其参与管理学校的权力；组建大学生自治组织，用相对独立的权力维护其权利，从而加强大学生在学校管理中的权力来使大学生权利得到根本性的保障和维护。     

建立高效的高校物流体系

将经济领域的物流引入高校,提出了高校物流体系概念;介绍了高校物流的组成要素及物流目标。为了增加高校在市场环境中的适应性及竞争能力,首先应提高物流系统中的管理水平,从整合、优化、预测的角度制定适应新形势下的物流战略。     

校歌创作初探

我国最早的有谱可查的校歌是刘天华1927年创作的《君永校歌》。校歌盛行于20世纪80年代，学校的党政领导、教师是校歌创作的主力军，而专业词曲作家的参与，使校歌的艺术质量得以提高。校歌歌词体现了学校自身的特点，大多写成了具有群众性、富有动力美的进行曲。     

The potential of integrated modelling in conservation biology: A case study of the black‐footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes)

Conservation biology aims at assessing the status of a population, based on information which is often incomplete. Integrated population modelling based on state‐space models appears to be a powerful and relevant way of combining into a single likelihood several types of information such as capture‐recapture data and population surveys. In this paper, the authors describe the principles of integrated population modelling and they evaluate its performance for conservation biology based on a case study, that of the black‐footed albatross, a northern Pacific albatross species suspected to be impacted by longline fishing     

"超级女声"对法兰克福学派大众文化理论的几点突破

法兰克福学派对大众文化基本上持否定态度,而目前“超级女声”作为一种大众文化,深受许多年轻女生的欢迎,并且也在大众文化界引起巨大轰动。仔细分析的话,“超级女声”同法兰克福学派的大众文化理论有着许多相似的地方;但更重要的是,对其有许多突破的地方,具有许多新的特征。     

比较文学:历史探求与现实思考

比较文学自诞生以来经历了三次危机。对于中西比较文学来说,危机既是挑战也是机遇。就目前中国比较文学的研究现状而言,要紧的还是脚踏实地,多做研究。要对国际学术界共同关心的问题形成自己的独到见解,提出并解决已有的理论话语未曾涉及的理论命题,真正做到理论创新,从而争取国际文化对话中的话语权。     

高等师范院校应重视学科基本概念的教学

文章从素质教育的角度出发,通过分析当前师范院校中所存在的一部分教师在教学过程中忽视基本概念的教学的现象,指出了这种现象产生的原因和由此产生的严重后果。从理论上阐述了高等师范院校更应重视学科基本概念教学的必要性和重要性,同时,也提出了作为高等师范院校的教师在概念教学中所应具备的态度和应掌握、熟悉的多种概念教学的有效方法。为目前高等师范院校开展的课程体系和教学内容以及教学方法的改革提供参考。     

Parent‐Adolescent Communication About Sex: Retrospective Reports by Latino College Students

Latina female (n= 97) and Latino male (n= 69) college students (M age = 21.4 years) completed self‐report surveys regarding family of origin experiences, including sexual communication with parents while growing up. Latino parents of this comparatively highly educated sample tended to use direct rather than indirect strategies for communicating about sexuality with their children. Young women reported higher levels of sexual communication with mothers while growing up than did young men, and respondents reported less communication with fathers than mothers. Among young women, sexual communication with mother was positively associated with non‐Mexican origin and negatively associated with having older brothers living at home. In contrast, maternal education was positively associated with mother‐son communication about sex. Paternal education and the absence of older brothers positively predicted communication with both sons and daughters. The analyses provide novel information regarding sexual communication in Latino families and suggest directions for future research.