论监护与亲权

在我国的法律制度中,并未把亲权人和监护人分开。亲权的行使以亲子关系为基础,但关于监护权的归属并不当然地授予亲权者,即父母。由此可见,从法律制度上把亲权和监护加以区分,把亲权人和监护人区别开来,是很有必要的。     

论宋代家训的文体表现

家训文化在中国具有漫长而悠久的历史。严格地讲,家训有古今两个层面上的定义：今人所说的家训泛指家庭（族）中长辈对晚辈的教诲,具有多种表现形式,直接起源于家庭产生后亲人之间的口耳相授生产、生活技能的实践;古代的“家训”,是家长以“训”这一文体形式来教育子弟,文字是其唯一的形式,直接起源于周代文王训子的《保训》。以现代意义的家训定义而言,宋代的确是中国家训发展过程中的一个高峰时期。从家训的文体表现形式看,有韵的家训是以诗、词、歌、赋等形式来教育子弟;无韵的家训是以“训”、“铭”、“箴”、“戒”、“规”等散文体形式来训诫子弟。从宋代家训的文体形式中我们可以更完整地把握家训这一文化现象,厘清“家训”的起源。     

欧洲社会一体化的国内政治视角分析——以亲职假指令的移植为例

亲职假指令是欧盟颁布的旨在推进社会一体化的重要举措。作为一种硬法形式,它体现了社会一体化进程对成员国国内政治的塑造性影响,即社会一体化一方面在一定程度上限制了成员国的行动能力,另一方面却为成员国提供了双层博弈的机会。作为一种依赖成员国贯彻执行的行政立法,亲职假指令还鲜明地反映了成员国在欧洲社会一体化中的掌控地位。虽然亲职假指令对欧盟成员国的行动能力和决策方式都产生了影响,但却未得到成员国不折不扣的遵循。这种强制要求与现实情况的差距,凸显出欧洲社会一体化进程慢、成果少、周期长的特征。究其原因在于欧盟成员国特定的政治文化的制约力量。     

EXPECTATIONS RELATING TO CHILDCARE AMONG FRENCH AND SWEDISH FAMILIES

This paper investigates how policy and values interrelate concerning expectations of childcare based on 80 interviews with 40 families with young children from France and Sweden, respectively. Upbringing, learning and socialization are important expectations among French parents. The results presented here are in line with educational goals that may have been influenced by policy. The findings suggest that France may, in terms of expectations on childcare, still belong to the conservative cluster as categorized by Esping-Andersen (1990 Esping-Andersen, G. 1990. The three worlds of welfare capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.  [Google Scholar]), although family policy may differ from that of, for example, Germany and Italy in the same cluster. Swedish parents stress the importance of the individual child as well as pedagogy, thus, indicating compatibility between a parental wish for the individual development of the child and an emphasis on collective care in Swedish family policy.     

The effect of paid maternity leave on low-income families' welfare use in the US

Despite the critical role that paid maternity leave can assume in the economic lives of low-income families, research to date has paid insufficient attention to whether paid maternity leave reduces welfare use for low-income families. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) March Supplement 2007–2014 with the difference-in-difference (DiD) technique, this study finds a significant policy effect of paid maternity leave on reducing the probability of using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), TANF benefit amounts and TANF participation length. This study confirms that paid maternity leave is likely to prevent low-income families from using welfare during job interruptions stemming from the birth of a child. Given that TANF is often associated with negative political and social connotations, paid maternity leave can be used as an important social policy to improve economic security as well as offer empowerment in overall social standing for low-income mothers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings in a broader context of American welfare states.     

Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework

Social workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.     

Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support

As the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.     

Parental Alienation: A Measurement Tool

The Rowlands Parental Alienation Scale (RPAS) was administered to 592 parents along with measures of convergent and discriminant validity. The scale was designed to capture the eight domains of parental alienating behavior posited in the literature. Factor analysis extracted only six factors, one of which was not included in the original eight: (a) campaign of denigration towards the alienated parent, (b) the independent thinker phenomenon, (c) reflexive support, (d) presence of borrowed scenarios, (e) spread of animosity to extended family, and (f) lack of positive affect towards the alienated parent. Parents who reported either that a court evaluation or court findings had confirmed the presence of parental alienation scored significantly higher on all six RPAS factors as well as on the overall RPAS score.