论洋务官督商办股份制企业的治理与监管

在洋务官督商办股份制企业里,股东权力从属于官方行政权力,官方主导着企业的治理与监管活动,由此产生诸多弊病.时人以西方公司企业制度为参照,批评官督商办股份制企业背离了公司企业的若干基本要求,呼吁完善企业制度建设.官督商办股份制企业以政企合一方式运作,缺乏独立性,阻碍了新式企业的发展.     

大学生成绩跟踪分析的招生质量评价方法

对如何评价大学招生质量并建立完整的理论基础,更有效的技术方法进行了探讨,基于大学生在校学习成绩跟踪分析,通过"逆推"逻辑分析概念,设计了本科招生质量和学生学习成绩评价体系。该体系主要包括四个子系统,即:信息查询、跟踪评价、数据维护、系统管理。主要功能特色体现为:能够通过学生在校的综合表现评价各省或中学素质教育质量;能够通过学生大学四年的学习成绩分析评价各省或中学生源质量;同时,结合教育部推行的编制招生来源计划软件系统,可以科学、合理地给出有关参数的权重系数。     

Parental Behavior and the Quality of Adolescent Friendships: A Social‐Contextual Perspective

On the basis of an evolving social‐contextual perspective, the authors predicted and found that socioeconomic advantage in terms of income and parental education promotes supportive and inhibits hostile parental behaviors toward an adolescent child (N= 221). These parental behaviors predicted similar actions by the child toward a close friend 4 years later. In turn adolescent supportiveness promoted close friendship ties, whereas hostility diminished the quality of friendships. The results support the notion that, to a significant degree, the quality of family interactions: (a) arises from the social context surrounding the family, (b) is transmitted across generations, and (c) has a demonstrable impact on the quality of adolescents' social ties outside the family.     

进化发展心理学解析

进化发展心理学研究个体发生发展过程中进化的、渐成的程序的表现,就如发展的系统方法所描述的。笔者阐述了进化发展心理学的基本观点,介绍了进化发展心理学的主要研究领域:父母的投入和成人期性别差异的发展根源。     

How the birth of a child affects involvement with stepchildren

This study investigates the effect of childbearing on parental involvement in stepfamilies and intact families, based on the reports of 1,905 stepparents and biological parents from the National Survey of Families and Households. Regression analysis indicates that involvement with children declines over time, especially among respondents with only stepchildren in the household. Respondents who have had a child between waves of the survey reduce parental involvement at a slower rate than respondents who did not have a child. These effects are explained by the children's age. The birth of a child has a similar effect on parental involvement in stepfamilies and intact families. These findings suggest that the addition of a half‐sibling is not particularly beneficial to stepchildren and provides further evidence that couples with children from prior relationships should not make the decision to reproduce to “cement” stepfamily bonds.     

从短文听写入手 全面打好学生英语基础

从短文听写入手 ,并把它与朗读、背诵、复述相结合 ,耳、手、口并用 ,会取得良好的教学效果 ,有助于全面打好学生英语基础。为保证这一目的的实现 ,以下几方面的工作不可少 :1、做好学生的思想工作 ,争取学生的配合 ;2、指导短文听写的方法 ;3、选择合适的材料 ;4、科任老师相互协作 ,建立有效的监控机制。     

农村医疗保障制度的变革、创新及政府调控

本文在分析我国农村合作医疗沿革的同时,指出了合作医疗日趋衰退的根本原因在于制度安排缺陷,进而阐述了国内外学者关于农村医疗保障制度研究的观点,提出了按地区经济发展的差异性和农村医疗供需实际进行制度创新的思路,最后强调了政府在农村医疗保障制度建设中的责任,认为政府应把保证医疗服务供给、提高医疗人员专业技能、强化准入制度和行政监督作为调控重点。     

Comparing Father and Mother Reports of Father Involvement Among Low‐Income Minority Families

Currently available data and concerns about the validity of reports by mothers significantly truncate the ability of researchers to address a myriad of research questions concerning the involvement of fathers in families. This study aimed to inform this concern by examining predictors of father involvement and father‐mother discrepancies in reports of involvement within a low‐income, predominantly minority sample of families with both resident and nonresident fathers (n= 228). Paired hierarchical linear models were used to control for the interrelation between pairs of reporters. The results indicate that although fathers' and mothers' reports are similar, mothers consistently report lower levels of involvement than do fathers. Parental conflict, fathers' nonresidence, and fathers' age, as well as mothers' education and employment, predicted larger discrepancies between fathers' and mothers' reports.     

Working parents with young children: cross-national comparisons of policies and programmes in three countries

Multiple global trends are putting pressure on governments to develop policies and programmes that meet the needs of families with children aged 0–3. This cross-national analysis focuses on policies and programmes of parental leave and childcare in the United States, Sweden and Japan. Cross-national studies of early childhood education and care are reviewed. National profiles are provided of demographic, economic, political and socio-cultural characteristics and of parental leave and childcare policies and programmes. Policies and programmes are compared in relation to equity of coverage and support of basic parental childrearing and child-protection responsibilities. Issues raised highlight the need for unified programmes and policies, and continuing global dialogue regarding the needs of this population.     

Premarital Living Arrangements and the Transition to First Marriage in Japan

This article evaluates the relevance of a popular emphasis on the benefits of extended coresidence with parents as an explanation for the trend toward later marriage in Japan. Estimating hazard models for the transition to first marriage separately by gender, living arrangements, and birth cohort, I find that the trend toward later marriage is indeed more pronounced among young men and women living with parents. Conditional on coresidence, however, there is little evidence that access to parental provision of financial resources and domestic services is negatively associated with marriage. I suggest alternative scenarios in which parental resources may contribute to later marriage by facilitating children's independence rather than by keeping them at home.