制度经济学中六个基本理论问题新解

纵观所有的制度经济学,可以提炼出以下几个重要的、基本理论问题,而这些问题还没有被很好地解答或解释,制度经济学未来的发展趋势可能取决于这些问题被解决的程度。这些问题是:(1)制度变迁既受到个体目的性行为的作用,也受到个体意识之外的系统动力的作用,是在“知”和“无知”的协同演化中展开的。(2)制度是构建还是演化而成,需要关注制度的不同层面、制度的长期和短期,短期的和具体的制度往往可以构建,而长期的基本的制度却往往难以构建,任何建构都是局部和短期的均衡,是长期演化过程中的某一个驻点。(3)制度及其变迁,客观上存在着演化与博弈的互动关系,但是,它们是两个层面上的互动,而不是一种演化博弈的运动。可以分别用博弈方法和演化方法分析,但是不能用所谓的演化博弈方法把两个层面的运动当成一种现象分析。(4)制度和技术的关系在不同的时空场景中可能不同,不能笼统地谈论制度和技术的关系,必须将其置于不同层级类型和不同时空场景下进行研究。(5)清晰界定计量工具在制度分析中的边界和条件,在一系列约束、假定条件和控制变量下,对某一特定时空下制度绩效的测量或许是可行和必要的,但是,测量一个国家或地区各种交易成本的总量或许是不可能也是不必要的。(6)制度经济学应该界定其制度分析的边界,这样才能集中精力研究本学科的一些重大主题。制度经济学的解释范围应该集中在直接影响资源配置和财富演变的经济制度领域,适当地关注较为强烈但却是间接地影响资源配置和财富演变的政治制度、习俗和惯例等。     

屈原故乡觅踪

屈原故乡应该在屈原诞生的郢都。古人却把秭归称为屈原的故乡,今人又将湖南汉寿考证为屈原故乡,新闻界人士周笃文教授从新闻炒作角度出发发布屈原故乡在临湘,使得国人对屈原故乡的认定愈来愈模糊,需要认真求证。     

基于财务资本视角的公司治理研究综述

公司治理天然地与财务资本相联系,公司治理产生之初的核心命题就是保护财务资本所有者(股东)的利益,防止经理人的逆向选择和道德风险。文章从财务资本的视角对国内外公司治理文献作一回顾和评述,以期为所有关注财务管理与公司治理关系的同仁提供一些新的视角和研究参考。     

实证会计与规范会计研究的结合运用

自 1968年以来 ,西方国家对实证会计的研究不断发展 ,但在我国对实证会计研究方法还应用甚少。以实证会计与规范会计研究相结合的理论为基础 ,从我国会计研究现状出发 ,探讨实证会计研究与规范会计研究的结合运用 ,在会计研究中有重要意义。     

澳大利亚研究理事会的科研不端行为处理制度——以《澳大利亚负责任研究行为准则》为核心的探讨

作为澳大利亚国内最重要的国家科学基金机构,澳大利亚研究理事会（ARC）已经构建起一套关于科研不端行为的应对处理机制．包含一系列实体性法律标准及程序规定,涉及科研不端行为调查处理的一般性程序、法律责任、违法者权利保护、程序公平等问题,其中包含着可为我国有关立法所借鉴的有益经验。     

我国民事诉讼中的证人出庭作证制度之我见

本文以民事诉讼中证人出庭作证制度的现状为出发点,根据民事诉讼法及最高人民法院《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》对证人出庭做出的规定,结合司法实践,从证人的资格、证人作证义务、证人相关权利等基本制度分析,阐明证人出庭作证制度存在的问题。并对证人出庭作证制度的完善提一些建议,以供司法界参考。     

Researching Asia's Third Sector

Most Asian countries have a strong third sector and a rich tradition of philanthropy. The varied array of social, economic, political, and third sector variables across the many countries of the region make Asia an ideal site for testing and developing third sector theory. The research infrastructure needed to sustain such a venture is beginning to form. The five papers published in this issue of Voluntas indicate some of the product, and the variety, of this growing body of research.     

What's wrong is right: A response to the state of the discipline

In the June issue ofSociological Forum, several authors addressed the question, What's Wrong with Sociology. Answers included increased fragmentation of the discipline, and the lack of an identifiable cumulative core of sociological knowledge. This paper examines many of the claims made by the contributors to the June 1994Sociological Forum, reframes their arguments, and by placing debates regarding the problems in sociology in a broader perspective, identifies many of the recent advances made by the discipline. Focusing on such notable contributions to the field as feminist and postmodern scholarship, we locate the positive side of multiple perspective research.Feminist Scholars in Sociology is a collective of researchers and teachers at the University of Colorado interested in exploring and sharing feminist theory and methodology.     

Disability and climate change: A critical realist model of climate justice

Existing literature on climate change as an issue of environmental justice documents the heightened vulnerability of people with disabilities to the effects of climate change. Additionally, there are numerous studies showing that access to information is a prerequisite for perceiving risk and taking action. Building on this work, our review seeks to understand how physical disability relates to perceptions of climate-related risk and adaptations to climate-related events. We introduce a critical realist model of climate justice to understand the relationships between the environmental features that disable, risk perception and information seeking, and adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change. In understanding the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people with disabilities to climate change, this review synthesizes research on one of the U.S.’s largest minority communities with the goals of better understanding how vulnerable populations cope with climate change and integrating them into climate action and policy.     

Experience,perceptions and attitudes of parents who planned home birth in Spain: A qualitative study

BackgroundA woman’s home birth and postpartum experience can have a major impact on her baby’s, partner’s and family’s well being. It is a life-altering event that can help improve or worsen women’s self-esteem and self-confidence.AimThe aim of this study was to describe and understand the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of parents who planned a home birth in Spain.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic phenomenology. Two main methods were used for data collection; narratives and individual in-depth interviews with 14 mothers and 8 fathers who had planned a home birth in the last year. Inductive analysis was used to find themes based on the data obtained.FindingsSix main themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) in search of a natural and personalised birth, (2) breaking with social pressures, (3) experience of home birth for the mother, (4) role of the father in home birth, (5) how does the father experience home birth?, (6) home birth is not available to all mothers and fathers.ConclusionFor the mothers and fathers in this study the home birth experience fulfilled their previous expectations of an intimate and natural moment, making it a highly satisfying experience for both. However, parents expressed experiencing negative feelings such as fear and worry about complications and labor pain. According to our research society in general and public health professionals in particular issue numerous criticisms and value judgments towards mothers and fathers who opt for a home birth in our country. In addition, the study shows the economic and cultural inequalities in access to home birth in Spain.