唐代对民间工商业的政策与管理

唐政府不仅制定推行了歧视民间工商业者的政策,而且通过许多制度对民间工商业进行具体管理.这些制度主要有户籍编制方面的匠籍制、市籍制、供进簿制;工匠地区划分方面的团头火长制;租税征收方面唐前期的租庸调、地税和户税,以及唐后期的两税、商税、苛捐杂税;商品产销方面的官为立样制、入市交易制等及商品流通方面的公验、过所制.另一方面,唐政府还经常滥用强权对民间工商业暴敛劫夺,并在中后期对盐、酒、茶等行业实行辜榷垄断.总之,通过层层操控,唐封建政府将民间工商业掌握在手,新的生产方式始终难以正常发展.     

Formulating the Matthew Principle: on the role of the middle classes in the welfare state

The Matthew Principle, which formulates the role of the middle classes in the welfare state, is discussed in this article. The middle classes are described as primary beneficiaries of the welfare state. This status is achieved through the ability of this social group to influence the policy-formulating process by way of six different channels of influence. It is also facilitated due to the impact of middle-class clients upon the implementation stage of social policy. A case study of employment policy in Israel illustrates the workings of different aspects of the Matthew Principle.     

当前我国有效需求不足问题探讨

当前我国有效需求不足主要体现为消费、投资和出口这三大需求不足，并引发了要素闲置、通货紧缩和金融体系资产质量水平低下等问题，影响经济增长。有效需求不足的成因可归结为结构和政策两大因素。调整产业结构，改进政策措施，才能标本兼治     

Child Support: The Limits of Social Policy Based on Assumptions of Knavery Extending the Pillars of Social Policy Financing to Aged Care

Julian Le Grand has argued that a key component of welfare reform involves changes in the assumptions about human behaviour which are embedded in social policies. Policy assumptions have been transformed from espousing a belief that social service providers act as well-intentioned knights and recipients as passive pawns, to a stance in which all participants are regarded as self-seeking knaves. These ideas are particularly pertinent to policy developments concerning financial obligations for children, and this paper examines these issues in relation to child support policy in New Zealand. It highlights the evident and inevitable failure of this policy to meet its primary stated aim of revenue generation. In New Zealand this failure is compounded by the creation of parallel systems for dealing with children and families, one for financial obligations and the other for care and development, which are founded on diametrically opposed assumptions about human behaviour and capabilities. This confusion is symptomatic of a wider failure in government policy towards families in New Zealand.     

高等学校基础研究工作面临的问题及对策

基础研究是高等学校科技工作的重要组成部分。如何增强高等学校自身的创新和竞争能力 ,使其在我国基础研究工作中有所作为 ,一直是科技管理工作者所研究的问题。本文以翔实的数据论述了高等学校在我国基础研究工作中的重要地位 ;通过与一些发达国家的分析对比 ,找出当前我国高等学校基础研究工作所面临的问题 ,并阐述了对策     

Research-based service-learning: outcomes of a social policy course

Previous research has found service-learning in undergraduate social policy courses to increase students’ knowledge, skills, values, and competence. The present study utilized a sample of 60 graduate-level social work students who participated in a research-based service-learning (RBSL) project that involved collecting and analyzing data about the extent of payday loan use among bankruptcy filers and reporting results to community partners. Quantitative findings revealed significant increases in students’ personal social responsibility. Qualitative findings shed light on growth in personal social responsibility, civic awareness, policy advocacy, and personal values. Suggestions for future studies using RBSL pedagogy to teach social policy are discussed.     

Fatherhood: A Library

No abstract available for this article.     

Cigarette Smoking Among Korean International College Students in the United States

Abstract

Objective and Participants: This study explored (1) the prevalence of cigarette smoking among South Korean international college students in the United States, (2) differences in smoking between on- and off-campus living arrangements, and (3) predictors of an increase in smoking over time in the United States Methods: An online survey was completed by 1,201 students at 52 4-year US universities (34% response rate). Results: The overall smoking prevalence was 43.5%. The smoking rate (29.0%) of female students was higher than that (4%) of female college students in South Korea. Sex, living place, living situation, length of stay as a student in the United States, home smoking rules, campus-wide tobacco-free policies, and levels of acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with an increase in smoking (p < .05). Conclusions: Given the high smoking prevalence among the South Korean students on US college campuses, targeted prevention efforts for these students may be warranted.     

Perspectives on Intergenerational Aspects of Aging and Diversity

Abstract

This paper considers a number of interrelated dimensions that are crucial to the developing intergenerational field: research, policy, practice and theory. The paper argues first, that research (and indeed evaluation) underlies, and is fundamental to, facilitating and understanding the linkages between practice, policy and theory. It further argues that breaking down the barriers between research, policy, practice and theoryparticularly in terms of the language we use- is key if we are to fully realize the potential of this developing field. An early intergenerational study undertaken by the author is used as a tool to illustrate some of the ways in which the field has progressed over the last twenty years. The paper concludes with thoughts and suggestions about the dilemmas and challenges remaining for those in the field.     

“畅通重庆”轨道交通建设的公共政策研究

运用公共政策相关理论，结合重庆实际，介绍重庆市委、市政府做出的“畅通重庆”建设的英明决策，阐明其对加快重庆交通发展、解决交通拥堵、利于环境保护、提高经济效益、增进可持续发展和提升重庆国际化大都市形象的重大意义。