Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

Les transformations de l'intégration par l'emploi: Regards croisés : France métropolitaine - île de La Réunion

Against a background of mass unemployment and the increasing precariousness of employment, the current changes in the labour market demand that we examine the previously central role of paid employment in social integration. If the individual now deprived of employment or having a temporary contract is by dint of this fact less included in society or is less secure by not having a permanent salary, is it to say that he embodies the face of the de-affiliated, of those who miss out on social benefits? Taking the example of the Reunion Island which has the highest level of unemployment and population covered by the minimum income (RMI: Revenu Minimum d'Insertion) in the country, this article endeavours to explain and understand how, in the context of a protective society and increasingly flexible employment market, new methods of social integration without and resulting from paid employment are being formed.     

Les agriculteurs dans la fabrique d'une nouvelle agriculture

The model of development that has governed the modernization of farming in France is increasingly coming under attack. Given this, analysing the “work” that farming performs to “translate” the criticisms with which it must cope in formulating new definitions of roles is important in order to understand changes under way in this sector. The changes undergone by farming over the past eighty years are briefly presented and then the procedures and results of a survey, conducted during the mad cow disease among beef-farmers in Burgundy, are described. Light is thus shed on the diversity of the positions that farmers have adopted with regard to the future of their occupation. An interpretation is proposed of how the distribution (and interplay between) these positions might affect agriculture. - Special issue on Agriculture and food.     

载波相位平滑GPS伪码伪距的研究

分析了全球定位系统接收机可获取的观测量。给出了载波相位平滑伪码伪距的一个递归算法结构。讨论了平滑算法初值的设定和构造伪距前向预测值，并对各种情况进行了统计分析。文中还给出了平滑算法的性能评估，结论表明载波相位平滑技术可大大改善伪距观测精度。改善程度与该算法中的权重因子和递归时间密切相关     

"得"字句研究札记三则

我们认为 ,“得”字句的语义、结构中心在“得”后成分上 ,所以“把墙刷得白”不能说 ,是因为“把”字句表示一种处置 ,其后的谓语必然蕴含着实现这一时体意义 ,而作为有“把”的“得”字句中心的“白”是单个性质形容词 ,本身不包含实现这一时体特征 ;我们对范晓先生《复动“V得”句》一文中的用三个平面观点解释一种“得”字句提出一点疑问 ;对张豫峰以博士论文为基础发表的两篇论文中的观点和学风问题进行了批评。     

基于主动网的SYN攻击防御

针对目前传统网防御TCP同步泛滥攻击的服务器主机、路由器过滤、防火墙方法的局限性,利用主动网的动态特性,提出一种基于主动网的同步泛滥防御机制,并通过仿真实验将它与传统网环境下的防火墙防御进行了性能比较和分析,结果表明主动网技术为同步泛滥攻击提供了良好的防御性能。     

德曼的“新社会主义哲学”和他的“新发现”

亨利·德曼的“新社会主义哲学”建立在对马克思主义的批判基础上，并与资产阶级哲学实行联姻，德曼在马克思《１８４４年经济学哲学手搞》中的“新发现”表明的不过是对马克思主义的严重曲解，这一哲学不仅在理论上没有给社会主义运动贡献新东西，而且在实践上蜕变成了与法西斯合流的反动力量．     

Attracting Micro‐Enterprises To Learning

Micro‐enterprises, i.e. firms with less than 10 employees, are traditionally the hardest to engage in learning; they are also least likely to participate in such measures as business advice and guidance provision and initiatives to support information communication technology (ICT) adoption. Through a community‐based initiative initially targeting parents (unemployed or employed) to participate in ICT, 30 micro‐enterprises were attracted to learning for the first time. These companies had carefully avoided similar initiatives taking place locally, which emphasized business success and growth; they had only participated in this ICT skills training because of their children. The paper takes a case study approach to evaluate the reasons for participation, explores barriers and implications for those organizing similar activities, and calls for a more holistic view of owners and managers of small firms as fathers, mothers, etc. rather than just as ‘entrepreneurs’.     

莫泊桑短篇小说中的第一人称叙述

莫泊桑的短篇小说堪称一绝,在叙事上独具特色。与其他现实主义作家不同,莫泊桑喜欢采用第一人称叙述,他笔下的叙述者"我"并非都是全知全能,大部分叙述者权利有限。更为独特的是,他在这类作品中首创的叙述分层的手法,使得人物成一种对话关系。他对叙述者权利的限制使得作品意义留有空白。叙述语调的中立要求读者积极参与作品意义的建构,这极大增强了短篇小说的可读性,也使他的作品带有现代主义的气息。     

《金属材料与热处理》教法探究

对如何在《金属材料与热处理》课堂教学中培养提高学生的学习能力,从动力、基础及主要环节与关键问题等方面作了粗浅的研究与探讨。