古巴发展绿色医学化解美国封锁的经验与启示

21世纪的世界潮流是绿色发展,要走经济、社会、生态三位一体的新型发展道路。绿色医学是医学发展的必然趋势。古巴作为中低收入的社会主义国家,遭受美国长期的经济封锁,其在应对经济危机期间,通过发展绿色医学,国民健康状况却达到了发达国家的水平。文章重点介绍了古巴绿色医学的发展背景、发展内容与经验,并依据古巴的成功经验提出发展我国绿色医学的相关建议。     

理解何以可能

词并不天然的代表任何对象,语词的意义就在于语词的使用上,而理解一个语词的意义就在于获得运用该词的能力.理解一个语词、一个对象,就看是否具有在这种意义场下与对象打交道的能力.理解就成了一种翻译工作.理解既是经验适切性的问题,那么它就是一个渐进的过程,永远有更好的理解的问题.     

人口老龄化问题的对策及启示

西方国家人口老龄化问题出现较早,影响较为深远.解决人口老龄化问题的成功经验包括:解决老龄问题的根本出路在于发展经济;人口老龄化的理论基础和认识突破;老年知识分子的社会价值日益突出.要从理论和实践上确认老年人是家庭、社会和国家的资源,把鼓励老年人参与社会发展提高到事关老龄社会能否保持繁荣的高度.     

试论“枫桥经验”中基于社会资本的社区非正式社会控制

2018“新时代诸暨市社区居民安全感调查”表明枫桥地区是一个信息全对称的高社会资本存量社会,治安志愿者、治安志 愿者组织等社区非正式社会控制主体在纠纷化解、犯罪预防中扮演着关键角色,并且定量分析结果表明治安志愿者、治安志愿 者组织等非正式控制主体与枫桥社区安全感显著相关。最终发现枫桥地区基于社会资本的社区非正式控制能够取得成功与 我国“官治”与“民治”相结合的传统文化、治理主体注重重塑集体记忆、将非正式社会控制嵌入居民的日常生活、搭建快乐体验 路径来提升非正式控制能力密切相关。     

论自然现象的物与词——走出洛克语言经验的理性之路

在人们的语言经验中,自然物的世界在语言表现中得以展示,即世界就在语言中。当然,语言表现的世界并非自然物本身所是的存在,而是人们心灵之内的思想世界。思想构建于观念,语言构建于语词,自然现象的物与词及其联系唯有在观念的前提下才是可能的和现实的。观念成为了物与词联系的中心,语词的表现意义因为观念而具备了自然物的指称和联系,也因为观念而具备了理性存在的原因决定。自然现象的物与词在作为观念条件下的结果时,也必然地作为了理性主体存在条件下的结果。     

杜威经验观对幼儿园主题课程设计的启示

杜威认为经验是人与环境交互作用的所有方式,是人在世界中的行动与其结果的关联,不仅是对过去的回顾,也包含向未来行动的探索。据此,杜威提出课程的目标就是要提升学习者经验,以更好地生活;课程内容应尊重学习者生活经验;课程应保证学习者亲身经验。对幼儿园主题课程设计来说,杜威的经验观有以下三方面启示,第一,幼儿园主题课程以提供促进幼儿生长的经验为课程目标;第二,以幼儿生活经验为课程内容;第三,要采用“做中学”的经验教学法。     

中国扶贫70年:基于实现共富的三重向度研究

消除贫困、实现共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,也是中国共产党人的“初心”和“使命”。新中国成立70年来,党和政府为实现全体人民共同富裕的奋斗目标,带领全国人民持续向贫困宣战,成功探索出了一条具有中国特色的扶贫道路,取得了举世公认的扶贫成就。基于实现共富的三重向度来回顾中国扶贫70年的发展历程：在历史向度上,中国扶贫道路经历了救济式扶贫、体制改革式扶贫、开发式扶贫、参与式扶贫和精准扶贫等5个发展阶段;在实践向度上,中国扶贫始终坚持实事求是思想路线,发挥党的领导和政府主导相结合的政治优势,积蓄扶贫物质的经济力量,形成了独具中国特色的“中国经验”;在价值向度上,中国扶贫70年所形成的“中国经验”为世界减贫理论、减贫事业的发展贡献出了“中国智慧”和“中国方案”,具有极其重要的世界意义。     

论家事纠纷诉讼与 非诉讼协同解决机制的构建

近年来我国家事纠纷数量逐年递增,传统的家事诉讼解决机制已经不能满足司法实践的需要,家事纠纷的非诉讼解决机制因其独特的功能作用,已成为学术界探讨的热点问题。考察世界上其他国家和地区的成熟经验可以发现,对家事诉讼特殊程序机制的构建和对非诉讼解决机制的培育利用是同步进行、协同发展的。结合我国国情,应当立足于家事纠纷的固有特质,一方面通过专门立法解决家事诉讼程序理念不适应实践发展的问题,另一方面要借鉴域外经验合理培育若干种家事非诉讼解决机制,并做好二者之间的有机协同。     

Variables related to maternal satisfaction with intrapartum care in Northern Italy

BackgroundThe experience of labour and birth is complex, multidimensional and subjective and has the potential to affect the women and their families physically and emotionally. However, there is a lack of research around maternal satisfaction in Italy.AimTo evaluate mothers’ satisfaction with their childbirth experience in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history and intrapartum care variables.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 277 women who had given birth in a low risk maternity unit in Northern Italy was undertaken. Satisfaction with birth was measured using the Italian version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (I-BSS-R). The scale comprises three Sub-Scales: quality of care provided, personal attributes of women and stress experienced during childbirth.FindingsNo socio-demographic variables were related to maternal satisfaction. Multiparous women had a higher satisfaction score (p = 0.020; CI:0.23;2.75). Antenatal class attendance was negatively associated with maternal satisfaction (p = 0.038; CI:−2.58; −0.07). Intrapartum variables that significantly reduced maternal satisfaction were: epidural usage (p = 0.000; CI:−4.66; −2.07), active phase >12 h (p = 0.000; CI:−6.01; −2.63), oxytocin administration (p = 0.000; CI:−5.08; −2.29) and vacuum assisted birth (p = 0.001; CI:−6.50; −1.58). Women with an intact perineum were more likely to be satisfied (p = 0.008; CI:−4.60; −0.69).DiscussionIn accordance with other research, we showed that intrapartum interventions are negatively associated with maternal outcomes and therefore also with maternal satisfaction with birth. The sub-scale that measured Quality of Care provided scored higher than the other two Sub-Scales.ConclusionFurther studies on maternal satisfaction in Italy should be conducted, using the I-BSS-R with the aim to compare outcomes and understand what matters to women during childbirth.     

Informal kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural China: Experiences' feelings' and support

The well‐being of children in informal kinship care and their caregivers is a growing concern globally. This study explored the lived experiences of 23 kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural Northeast China while their migrant parents worked and lived in cities. The findings show that the expected authority and responsibility caregivers carry sometimes conflict with their social role of being children's grandparents. Caregivers' feelings about and understandings of these roles are shaped through their social interactions in local communities. In view of their situation and caregivers' self‐conscious attitudes towards utilizing local resources' future formal service provision and social support should take caregivers' viewpoints into account. These views are embedded in and shaped by their rural living context and relationships with community members who influence caregivers' perceptions and child rearing practices.