论金宇澄的“在体化”写作——以《碗》为例

金宇澄的在体化写作主要体现在,他在个体经验写作的基础上,对不同权力空间的交叉体认,对国族历史的再阐述,以及转换生成的生命隐喻三个方面,通过这一写作方式,最终达成其突破历史的桎梏,重建民族认同,更新当下自我生存经验的目的。     

“It’s like a bus,going downhill,without a driver”: A qualitative study of how postpartum haemorrhage is experienced by women,their birth partners,and healthcare professionals

ProblemPostpartum haemorrhage [PPH] remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Whilst low-resource settings bear the greatest burden of deaths, women live with associated morbidities in all healthcare settings. Limited data exists regarding the experience for women, their partners, or healthcare professionals [HCPs], affected by PPH.AimTo qualitatively investigate the experience of PPH, for women (n = 9), birth partners (n = 4), and HCPs (n = 9) in an inner-city tertiary referral centre. To provide multi-faceted insight into PPH and improve understanding and future care practices.MethodsParticipants were interviewed about their experiences within two weeks of a PPH. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsFour distinct, but related, themes were identified: ‘Knowledge specific to PPH’; ‘Effective and appropriate responses to PPH’; ‘Communication of risk factors’; and ‘Quantifying blood loss’; which collected around a central organising concept of ‘Explaining the indescribable’.DiscussionPPH was viewed as a ‘crisis-style emergency’, generating respectful fear in HCPs, whilst women and partners had little-to-no prior knowledge. Specific PPH knowledge dictated HCPs’ response and risk communication. PPH risks were typically linked to quantification of blood loss, assessment of which varied with acknowledged questionable accuracy. Women’s and partners’ confidence in HCPs’ ability to deal with PPH was unquestionable. Non-verbal communication was highlighted, with HCP body language betraying professional confidence.ConclusionInformation about blood loss during childbirth must be imparted in a sensitive, timely manner. Whilst training for HCPs results in effective PPH management, consideration should be given to their non-verbal cues and the impact of dealing with this stressful, ‘everyday emergency’.     

教育实习中公费男幼儿师范生情感体验的个案研究

基于教育实习中师范生情感体验对其专业成长的重要影响，本研究采用个案研究法，对公费男幼儿师范生在教育实习 中的情感体验及其影响因素进行剖析。研究发现，公费男幼儿师范生经历了从紧张忐忑到挫败，再到收获成长喜悦的复杂情感 变化过程，而主要影响因素聚焦在师范生自身的教育实践能力、幼儿、幼儿园指导教师和同伴四个方面。研究据此提出以下两 方面建议来优化男幼儿师范生的情感状态，以期不断提高公费男幼师培养质量：一是强化专业能力培养与发展定位引导，助力 男幼儿师范生提高自我效能感和认同感；二是加强情感教育与外界支持，助力男幼儿师范生学会情感管理、专业持续成长。     

The Sources of Belief in Personal Capability: Antecedents of Self-Efficacy in Private Adaptation to Flood Risk

Self-efficacy is one of the strongest and most consistent drivers of private flood mitigation behavior; however, the factors influencing self-efficacy in the context of flooding remain unclear. The present study examines three potential antecedents of self-efficacy: personal and vicarious experiences of floods or building-related events, social norms for private flood preparedness, and personal competencies such as technical abilities and social skills. While controlling for other drivers in a protection motivation theory (PMT) framework, these antecedents are tested as precursors of self-efficacy and intentions to improve flood resilience. Structural equation modeling is applied to conduct mediation analyses with survey data of 381 flood-prone households in Austria. Contrary to theoretical expectations, personal and vicarious experiences do not predict self-efficacy, presumably because rare flood events and changing hazard characteristics do not facilitate generalizable performance accomplishments. Social norms strongly and consistently influence self-efficacy, especially for actions observable by others, and also directly influence protective responses. Personal competencies increase self-efficacy and support protective action, particularly with regard to preventive and structural measures. The strength and direction of the antecedents of self-efficacy as well as of other PMT determinants vary between general and specific protective responses. This study provides important insights for risk managers, suggesting that interventions involving social norms and personal competencies can be effective in stimulating self-efficacy and, in turn, private flood mitigation. Interventions and research should clearly differentiate between general intention and the implementation of specific measures, and should address cumulative, synergistic, or tradeoff interrelations between multiple measures.     

“互联网+医疗健康”背景下考虑患者反馈机制的药品质量监管策略研究

药品质量关乎公众生命健康、国民经济发展、社会稳定和国家安全，一直以来都是政府和全社会关注的热点问题之一。"互联网+医疗健康"背景下药品流通速度加快使得药品安全问题影响范围扩大，因此，建立患者反馈机制是促进互联网药品质量监管的有效方式。考虑患者反馈机制下如何设计互联网药品质量监管策略的问题，基于演化博弈理论，构建了政府部门、药品生产商、医药电商和患者参与的药品质量监管四方演化博弈模型，通过分析各博弈主体策略选择的稳定性，并基于Lyapunov第一法则对复制动态系统十六种均衡点进行稳定性分析，研究了促进药品生产商提供高质量药品的政府监管策略和患者反馈机制，并利用Matlab 2017仿真分析了各关键要素对策略演化的影响。研究结果表明：1）患者倾向于失真评价或投诉率较低时，医药电商更倾向于选择药品质量不检测，不利于互联网药品质量安全；2）患者失真评价下，不存在药品生产商提供高质量药品的稳定策略组合，而真实评价下有效的反馈机制和监管机制可使互联网药品质量安全具有稳定性；3）提高患者评价（正面评价或负面评价）带给医药电商和药品生产商的声誉价值增加或声誉损失，将会使药品生产商选择提供高质量药品做为稳定策略；4）降低患者失真评价和投诉维权行为的增加，均可增强药品生产商提供高质量药品的稳健性。最后，结合演化博弈模型和仿真分析结果，为完善药品质量监管机制提出了对策与建议。     

Predictors of parenting stress in portuguese adolescents' adoptive parents

Parenting stress is related to the characteristics of both the child and the parents, as well as to parent–child interactions. In adoptive families, parenting stress has been identified as an indicator of the family's adjustment to adoption. The stress experienced by parents of adopted adolescents deserves special consideration, as adolescence is a critical period in the adoptees' developmental pathway. The present study aims to identify the adoptee, parents and family related predictors of the adoptive parents' parenting stress, exploring direct and indirect effects. Fifty Portuguese adolescents' adoptive parents participated in this study. Parenting stress was measured by the Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to evaluate the adoptees' (mal)adjustment, according to the parents' perspective. Variables related to the parents' experience of adoption were assessed resorting to the Parent's Interview about the Adoption Process. Results showed that parents' satisfaction and adoptees' adjustment were sequential mediators of the relationship between the parents' experience of family life and parenting stress. These findings provide new insights into adoption research in parenting stress, highlighting the importance of adoption‐related variables such as the parents' adoption experience within the family and family relationships.     

留守经历与精神健康——基于 80 后外来工的实证分析

采用珠三角和长三角2 385名80后外来工的调查数据,在倾向值匹配基础上,考察留守经历对外来工精神健康的影响。 结果表明,留守经历对外来工的精神健康具有调节作用,在学前、小学或初中的某个阶段有过留守经历者更有可能处于精神健康高危状态,其中又以学前及初中阶段的留守经历的影响更大;但长时间的留守生活反而可能增强个人的抗逆力,显示儿童具有一种比较强的自我调适功能。 此外,与兄弟姐妹们一起生活的留守儿童,成年后的精神健康状况更差。 因此,对留守儿童的关爱保护,需综合考虑客观外在的“留守负荷冶“留守环境冶及主观内在的“留守适应冶因素。 而针对已成年的有留守经历外来工,需从劳动自由、团体关怀、柔性管理、身体保健、业余生活改善等方面做出努力。     

论体验经济与管理及管理会计创新

社会经济的发展,使社会需求由物质层面向精神、文化层面提升,人们理性的物质形态消费向感性的“体验消费”转变;消费者对消费对象的选择,追求的是能使消费者产生“体验效应”、并在精神上得到满足的“文化价值”,而不仅是对象的物质价值。“体验经济”条件下形成的以“文化价值”为主体的价值运动,导致企业以至社会的价值体系产生实质性的重大变化。为此,在管理和管理会计领域要进行相应的创新。     

上海市宝山区依托大工程发展区域经济的基本经验及其借鉴

十几年来,国家投入大量人力、物力、财力,在北仑区域兴办了一批大型企业。大工程项目成为北仑区域的一大特点和优势。因而,如何做好“我为大工程服务”及“大工程为我所用”这篇文章,已是北仑面临的重要课题。通过对上海市宝山区依托大工程发展区域经济做法的介绍,分析,总结出值得北仑借鉴和学习的经验。     

走市场经济条件下的个体、私营经济发展道路──大矸镇发展个体、私营经济的经验和启示

江泽民同志在党的十五大报告中指出：“一切符合‘三个有利于’的所有制形式都可以而且应该用来为社会主义服务”。北仑区大矸镇在加快发展、壮大集体经济的同时，鼓励、引导个体、私营企业走出了一条营造规模、提高档次、适应市场的发展道路。文章对其取得的成效和积累的经验作初步探讨。