方言距离与城市流动人口犯罪的同群效应——基于广州、深圳、东莞三市的实证分析

在快速城市化过程中,由人口流动带来的区域文化碰撞在推动经济增长的同时,也深刻影响着社会融合。基于中国裁判文书网、《汉语方言大词典》、2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查的数据,本文以广州、深圳、东莞三大人口超千万的人口净流入城市为例进行实证分析,以方言距离为文化差异的代理变量,研究其如何影响城市流动人口的同乡团伙犯罪行为。研究表明,方言距离与流动人口同乡团伙犯罪显著正相关,同群效应是文化差异增加流动人口同乡团伙犯罪率的主要途径之一。本文从方言距离视角解读城市化过程中文化隔阂对城市社会和谐稳定的影响,丰富了文化影响移民犯罪及治理的理论探索,对推进以人为本的新型城镇化具有一定借鉴意义。     

《秀拉》与《他们眼望上苍》的互文性书写

佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿和托妮·莫里森是20世纪两位重要的美国非裔女作家,《他们眼望上苍》和《秀拉》分别为她们的代表作。这两部作品在黑人女性写作上有着互文性和传承性。两部作品的主人公都出生在女性权威家族中,并获得前辈女性的人生经验,在女性间的同辈情谊上也存在着写作经验的继承和发展;对于婚姻,两部作品同样存在着对传统家庭婚姻的叛逆和蔑视,即对于传统婚姻的解构。这些无不体现着美国非裔女作家对前辈的继承和回应,进一步拓宽了黑人女性中心的叙述模式。     

教育生态学关照下的英语写作多维反馈模式的应用研究

教育生态学视角下的多维反馈模式有机地将教师反馈和同伴反馈相结合,促使各类课堂生态因子和谐互动。多层次的协商交流凸显学习者的主体性,使学习者了解自己“多元智力发展”偏向。学习者基于对多维信息的收集和处理而完成深层次的知识及心理建构,产出与写作目标更加接近的语言输出,提升学习者自主及合作学习能力,实现生态主体协同进化目的。     

日本对中国东北的移民入侵与土地掠夺

日本自明治维新后,就把对外侵略扩张作为基本国策,把中国列为重要的侵略目标之一,为达到永久占领中国,特别是中国东北之目的,大力推行“满洲移民”政策。为此,日本制定了“满洲移民”的完备计划,对东北的土地进行残酷掠夺,致使大批中国农民丧失了赖以生存的土地,流离失所,历经苦难,给中国人民造成了极大的灾难和痛苦。     

分布式开源社群治理机制研究综述

作为一种新兴的生产方式,开源软件的特点是志愿者为软件开发做出贡献而不追求任何个人的经济回报。这一现象引起了经济、法律、社会、心理以及计算机科学等领域的学者们的持续关注。但已有文献主要集中在分析参与者的动机上,因而忽视了对开源社群组织和制度结构的研究。事实上,开源软件奉行的是一种分布式的治理机制,即项目的创始人或者领导者让渡部分权责给他所信任的子系统负责人以建立核心层,在没有等级制度的情况下实现对整个社群的控制和协调。     

Media Violence Associations with the Form and Function of Aggression among Elementary School Children

Although the association between media violence exposure (MVE) and physical aggression (PA) has been well studied, few studies have examined the link between MVE and other subtypes of aggression. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between MVE and reactive and proactive subtypes of both PA and relational aggression (RA). Six hundred and forty‐one third to fifth grade students reported on their exposure to media violence. RA and PA were assessed by peers and teachers. Reactive and proactive subtypes of RA and PA were assessed by teacher reports. Findings revealed a significant positive association between MVE and overall PA and RA. The relation with RA was stronger for girls than for boys. When predicting the functional subtypes of aggression, higher MVE was associated with lower reactive RA, higher proactive RA, and higher reactive PA, and MVE was unrelated to proactive PA. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

Identity Styles and Interpersonal Behavior in Emerging Adulthood: The Intervening Role of Empathy

This study examined the intervening role of empathy in the relations between identity styles (i.e., information‐oriented, normative, and diffuse‐avoidant styles), and inter‐personal behaviors (i.e., prosocial behavior, self‐ and other‐oriented helping, and physical and relational aggression). In a sample of 341 emerging adults, it was found that an information‐oriented style relates to a more adaptive pattern of interpersonal behaviors whereas a normative or a diffuse‐avoidant identity style relate to a more maladaptive pattern of interpersonal behaviors. Empathy played an intervening role between the information‐oriented style and interpersonal behavior, and between the diffuse‐avoidant style and interpersonal behavior. However, empathy did not intervene between the normative style and interpersonal behavior. Implications for future research are discussed.     

The Role of Respect in the Relation of Aggression to Popularity

Can aggressive children be popular with peers? Generally, sociometric popularity (liking nominations) has been shown to be negatively associated with aggression, and perceived popularity (popularity nominations) has been shown to be positively associated with aggression. The thesis of the present research was that being respected by peers moderates the relation between aggression and popularity. For both third‐ through sixth‐grade boys (N = 107) and girls (N = 117), perceived popularity by peers was positively associated with nominations for aggression (both overt and relational) only for children high in respect. Aggression was negatively associated with sociometric popularity for girls who were low in respect; sociometric popularity for girls high in respect was not related to aggression nominations. In sum, aggressive children were considered to be popular only if they were respected; aggressive girls were not disliked if they were respected.     

融合环境下特殊幼儿学习品质现状及其影响因素——基于68所融合幼儿园的调查研究

学习品质是影响幼儿认知和社会性发展的重要因素。为考察融合环境下特殊幼儿学习品质的现状及其影响因素,以《幼儿学习品质评估表》《儿童行为量表》《同伴互动量表》为研究工具,采用教师评价的方式,对68所融合幼儿园的160名特殊幼儿进行测查。结果显示：1）特殊幼儿的学习品质整体处于中等水平,注意缺陷多动障碍幼儿的学习品质得分相对较低,中班幼儿的学习品质得分相对较高;2）特殊幼儿的学习品质与其问题行为和消极同伴互动间存在显著负相关;3）多动易分心、焦虑恐惧行为和游戏淡漠能负向预测特殊幼儿的学习品质。建议通过关注不同特殊幼儿的独特特点、发展特殊幼儿的适宜行为和营造积极的同伴互动环境等方式提升融合环境下特殊幼儿的学习品质。     

高自我价值感的负效应:自我危机与攻击

与低自我价值感造成攻击相反的高自我价值感攻击理论认为:攻击通常是自我危机的结果,即对自己非常有利的自我概念遭到他人质疑时的现象。名不副实的自我优越观念最易产生自我危机而导致攻击,其机制是愤怒外导,旨在避免降低自我概念