同侪教学在大学英语教学中的应用

推荐同侪教学来作为传统大学英语课堂教学的补充,同侪教学不仅体现了以学生为本的教学理念而且有利于学生自学能力的培养。将同侪教学应用于普通课堂,随着网络的发展,同侪教学在网络教学中的应用将会成为新的课题。     

融合幼儿园普特幼儿同伴接纳的调查研究

融合幼儿园中普通幼儿与特殊幼儿间的相互接纳是衡量融合质量的重要因素。为了解融合幼儿园中幼儿同伴接纳现状,解决实际融合中存在的问题,采用融合园中幼儿同伴接纳量表和同伴提名法,在两所融合幼儿园随机整群抽取125名幼儿进行调查研究。结果显示：普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的同伴接纳处于中等偏上水平,且行为接纳高于情感接纳,特殊幼儿对普通幼儿的同伴接纳高于普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳;通过特殊幼儿所属同伴接纳类型可知其在班级同伴关系中处于中等偏下地位,特殊幼儿对普通幼儿的接纳与班级中同伴关系相一致;小班普通幼儿对特殊幼儿的接纳度优于中班,不同性别普通幼儿在同伴接纳上无显著差异,受欢迎型的普通幼儿在同伴接纳上优于其他同伴类型的幼儿。     

学术期刊同行评审专家审稿行为及其优化研究

同行评审专家审稿已成为学术期刊决定稿件是否录用的关键环节,是增强期刊选稿科学性、提升作者学术论文水平、推动同行学术交流的重要保证。但同行评审专家在提升学术期刊审稿质量的同时,出现评审影响交叉学科学术创新、因尽责不足影响期刊稿件评审质量、因人情关系影响审稿客观公正等问题。归根结底均缘于学科壁垒导致同行评审专家难以突破领域界限、权责不等使其难以享受应有之权、因监督缺失难以完全理性评议。文章提出拓展同行评审专家角色定位、完善审稿激励机制、建立同行评审专家审稿质量评价制度等建议。     

地方政府购买国土空间规划技术服务价格及效仿特征

地方政府以合同、委托等方式向社会购买空间规划技术服务已成常态,却鲜少有研究关注其价格。根据2017年1月-2020年3月全国市县层级的国土空间规划技术项目政府采购信息,分析地方政府购买国土空间规划技术服务中标价格,辨识价格形成的影响因素及效仿特征,为提高公共财政资金的使用绩效提供参考。结果表明:(1)市级和县级国土空间总体规划的采购均价分别为1928万元/项和847万元/项。经济欠发达西部地区的市级国土空间总体规划采购均价最高,达到2325.27万元/项,远高于东部和中部地区;而东部地区的县级国土空间总体规划采购价格较高,为949万元/项。(2)规划区域的国土面积、人口密度、经济水平、规划内容、城市发展定位等直接影响空间规划技术服务的采购价格。同时,因缺乏计费参考标准及成本核算办法,中标价格与已招标的同群地区趋近,这种仿效行为可能导致市级和县级地方政府的采购溢价分别达347.42万元和153.65万元,约占技术项目采购均价的18%。建议加强国土空间规划技术服务计费标准或成本核算研究,尤其经济落后市县空间规划政府采购的社会监督,重视地方规划研究机构及其人才队伍建设。     

Enhancing Self‐Protective Behavior: Efficacy Beliefs and Peer Feedback in Risk Communication

In times of a high‐impact safety incident citizens may have a variety of sources available to help them cope with the situation. This research focuses on the interplay of efficacy information in risk communication messages and peer feedback, such as responses on social network sites (SNSs) in the context of a high‐impact risk on the intention to engage in self‐protective behavior. The study pitted high and low efficacy information messages against supporting and opposing peer feedback (N = 242). Results show a significant interaction effect between efficacy information in a news article and peer feedback from SNS messages on both the intention to engage in self‐protective behavior and levels of involvement. Participants who received the article with more efficacy information and also received supportive peer feedback via SNS messages were more likely to express higher levels of involvement and greater intentions to engage in protective behavior. When confronted with a low efficacious news article, the effect of peer feedback on these two variables was significantly stronger. Finally, implications for theory and government risk communication are discussed.     

Stability and Change in Kindergartners' Friendships: Examination of Links with Social Functioning

Stability and change in kindergartners' friendships were examined based on a typology of profiles (stable, fluid, loss, gain, friendless). Our purpose was to determine whether children belonging to the five profiles differed in their social functioning. The sample was composed of 2353 kindergartners. Reciprocal friendships and social functioning indices were measured using peer nominations collected in October and May of the same year. A series of repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that children in the friendless profile were less accepted by their peers, more shy, more withdrawn, and more aggressive than other children. Moreover, children in the stable profile were significantly more accepted by their peers, more prosocial, and less shy than children in the fluid profile. Lastly, children in the loss profile became less accepted by their peers and less prosocial over the course of the year whereas children in the gain profile became more accepted and prosocial.     

Popularity and Social Preference in Chinese Adolescents: Associations with Social and Behavioral Adjustment

This study examined the characteristics associated with popularity and social preference in 769 14‐year‐old adolescents (54 percent boys) from mainland China. Consistent with findings from other countries, popularity and social preference were moderately correlated and overt aggression was positively correlated with popularity but negatively correlated with social preference. Prosocial behavior, athletic skill, dating, academic achievement, and mutual friends were positively associated with both popularity and social preference, with the effects for prosocial behavior, athletic skill, and dating greater for popularity than for social preference. The strong correlations between popularity and prosocial behavior are consistent with Confucian ideas of moral leadership and the obligations of high status individuals toward others. Cultural values are also reflected in the association of popularity with academic achievement. The inconsistent findings from China regarding the relation between aggression and popularity may stem from multiple factors including the absence of a suitable Chinese translation for popularity.     

同伴互评法对写作焦虑影响的实证研究

通过一项英语写作教学对比实验，研究了同伴互评法对写作焦虑的影响。研究结果表明，同伴互评法，作为过程写作法重要组成部分，能够显著降低学生的写作焦虑，从而有助于提高学生的英语写作水平。基于此，在大学英语写作教学中应该对同伴互评法的作用予以关注。     

Book Review: On the Social Development of Antisocial Behaviour

Books reviewed in this article:
Michael Rutter, Henri Giller and Ann Hagell, Antisocial Behaviourby Young People     

Pre-adolescents' Peer-relational Schemas and Social Goals across Relational Contexts

Current theorists stress the context-specificity of social behaviors and social cognitions. Although researchers have started to investigate the relationship as one context that might influence social cognitions, relatively little is known about the influence of relational context on the social goals endorsed by children and adolescents. The current study tested the hypothesis that pre-adolescents' goals would vary between individuals as well as across relational contexts, and examined factors that might explain such variation. Participants (N  =  102, 11–12 years) filled in questionnaires regarding their social goals and self- and peer-perceptions when around each same-sex classmate. Both goals and perceptions displayed significant variation between individuals, as well as between different relationship contexts. The goals pre-adolescents pursued in different relationships were partly explained by varying perceptions of self and of the relationship partner in each relational context, as well as by the affective nature of the relationship. After accounting for the relationship-specific variation, few associations were significant at the individual level. The results highlight the importance of studying contextual variance in social goals and social cognitions in general.