同伴反馈在二语写作中的作用研究:回顾与启示

随着过程写作法的提出和盛行,同伴反馈受到研究者的重视.本文对同伴反馈的理论基础和相关研究进行整理与分析,指出其在二语写作中不可或缺的作用.通过梳理分析发现:(1)学生对同伴反馈持积极肯定态度,并能有效利用同伴反馈意见修改作文;(2)作为教师反馈的有效补充,同伴反馈能帮助学生认识错误,提高写作水平;(3)小组同伴反馈有多种形式,其中由不同学习水平的学生组成的混合小组的同伴反馈效果更好;(4)优化的同伴反馈和在线的同伴反馈具有各自独特的优势.本文最后探讨了同伴反馈对二语写作教学的启示.     

Developing an App for College Women in Abusive Same-Sex Relationships and Their Friends

ABSTRACT

Young women experiencing dating violence in same-sex relationships face significant barriers to help for safety planning. Therefore, our team developed a tailored smartphone safety decision aid app for dating violence survivors and their peers. College women survivors of same-sex dating violence, peers, and college staff reviewed the app, identifying users’ barriers to information, resources, and services and key strategies for dissemination, inclusiveness, and safety for the app. Findings support the use of the app to assist college women experiencing same-sex dating violence and peers to connect with resources and develop tailored safety plans to reduce violence and increase their safety.     

Operationalizing the Construct of Friendship among Children: A Psychometric Comparison of Sociometric-Based Definitional Methodologies

Peer relations researchers generally agree that friendship involves a close, mutual, dyadic relationship. However, the lack of consensus on how to operationalize this construct has limited our understanding of the role of friendship in social adjustment. The present study directly compared the psychometric properties (i.e., number of friendships identified, concordances, and stability) of the five major different definitions of friendship used in the literature. Fourth- and fifth-grade students (N = 90) completed a battery of sociometric measures at two different times separated by eight weeks. Friendship dyads were then identified using the following definitional criteria: (1) mutual positive nominations; (2) mutal high ratings (i.e., 4 or 5 on a five-point Likert-type scale); (3) one positive nomination reciprocated by a rating of 5; (4) one positive nomination and mutual high ratings; and (5) one positive nomination and mutual ratings averaging at least 4. Frequency and concordance analyses indicated differences across the five definitions. In addition, the friendships identified by each of the five definitions were similarly moderate in their stability. Explanations for, and the possible implications of, these differences are discussed.     

The Communication of Differential Relationships in Preschool Children: Preference and Social Theme

We examined the conversations of 14 preschool children to explore differences in communication between friends and nonfriends in a well-established group. Children's social preferences were identified by analysing relative utterance frequencies which revealed a network structure of 4 cliques. We then examined whether the integration (inclusion/exclusion) and social theme (person/action) content of children's utterances, and the responses (accept/oppose) to these utterances, discriminated relationships in the social network. Our main findings were 1) Exclusive utterances were more likely to occur between nonfriends and to be opposed. Inclusive utterances were more likely to occur between friends and to be accepted. 2) Person and action themes were used differentially. In exclusion statements, nonfriends were more likely to be personally rejected whereas friends were more likely to have their actions rejected. In inclusion statements, personal references were more likely to be accepted between friends whereas references to a peer's actions tended to be accepted by both friends and nonfriends. We concluded that children adapted the integration and social theme content of their utterances to relationship context in order to establish more intimate interactions between friends and more distant interactions between nonfriends.     

Reliability of Reviewer Ratings in the Manuscript Peer Review Process: An Opportunity for Improvement

Accountability to authors and readers cannot exist without proper peer review practices. Thus, the information a journal seeks from its peer reviewers and how it makes use of this information is paramount. Disagreement amongst peer reviewers can be considerable, resulting in very diverse comments to authors. Incorporating a clear scoring system for key concrete items and requiring referees to provide justification for scores may ensure that reviewers contribute in a consistently fair and effective manner. This article evaluates information collected from reviewers and proposes an example of a system that aims to improve accountability, while having the potential to make it easier for reviewers to perform a more objective review.     

青少年的同伴关系与心理社会适应

同伴关系对青少年的发展有重要影响。友谊、同伴拒绝/接纳和社交网络中心是同伴关系的不同维度,对青少年的学业、情绪和行为适应起着独特的作用。未来研究需加强社交网络中心以及同伴关系对青少年心理社会适应影响的性别差异等方面的研究。     

信息类高校网络依赖大学生团体心理辅导的设计研究

通过文件调查信息类高校网络依赖现状,结果表明：有近十分之一的同学每日上网时间过长,网络成为其情绪管理的重要途径,且有一定的依赖。信息类高校大学生对网络的依赖程度与其所在的年级的高低存在正相关,与性别及专业的相关度不高。团体心理辅导围绕五大主题：时间管理、自我探索、自我控制、情绪管理、人际交往。主要在团体目标设定,团体领导者和助手的选定,团体时间、次数、地点的确定,团体成员的招募和甄选;团体方案的设计等方面组织实施。     

Challenging Dominant Discourses: Peer Work as Social Justice Work

ABSTRACT

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and discourses concerning the medical model, criminalization, and criminality dominate the intervention landscape for this population. Using a critical postmodern lens, 45 in-depth interviews with peer specialists who had incarceration histories were analyzed to understand how they approach their work. Peer specialists with incarceration histories constructed new identities through their training and peer work by valuing experiential knowledge. Even in the face of power differentials, they challenged dominant discourses directly and indirectly and advocated for various forms of help for the people with whom they worked.     

Serving families with child maltreatment and substance use disorders: A decade of learning

ABSTRACT

An increase in parental substance use disorders (SUD) and the number of infants and toddlers entering foster care has prompted federal and state efforts to change the treatment paradigm toward more integrated and family-centered strategies. The Regional Partnership Grant (RPG) program demonstrated that family-centered strategies can improve child and parent outcomes. The current challenge is to bring effective strategies to scale. This conceptual article highlights the lessons learned from 10 years of implementing and evaluating programs to meet the needs of families affected by parental SUD and child maltreatment. Effective family-centered strategies identified by the RPG program are illustrated with specifics from the Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Team program. These effective strategies could be implemented in any jurisdiction and include (1) collaboration toward integrated services between child welfare and SUD treatment, (2) timely access to SUDS treatment, (3) recovery management and support, (4) tailored family services, and (5) adaptation to local jurisdiction needs. When these strategies are operational, children are more likely to be safe and remain in parent custody, and parents are more likely to achieve sobriety and improve their parental capacity. Future research might examine the unique impact of each of the five strategies independently.