双困生心理危机干预的对策

双困生因其复杂而特殊的人格心理、社会行为与群体氛围特点,使得对这类学生的研究意义重大。该文采用案例分析的方式,独选集美大学诚毅学院的一类特殊学生——双困生的心理危机干预作为视角,坚持理论与实践相结合,探讨对这类学生问题的解决策略。     

Teacher–Child Relationship Quality and Children's Peer Victimization and Aggressive Behavior in Late Childhood

This investigation examines the extent to which characteristics of the teacher–child relationship (closeness, dependency, and conflict) are predictive of changes in children's peer victimization and aggressive behavior over the course of a school year. Relational and physical forms of victimization and aggression were studied, and changes in peer acceptance and number of friendships were tested as possible mediators. Longitudinal data from 410 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade students (193 boys; 217 girls) and their teachers (N = 25) were analyzed. Whereas dependency on the teacher predicted heightened victimization from peers, a close relationship with the teacher forecasted less physical aggression toward peers. Moreover, decreases in number of friendships partially mediated the link between dependency on the teacher and heightened relational victimization for boys. These findings have implications for understanding the continuing influence of teacher–child relationships on children's social development in late childhood and for identifying interpersonal risk factors associated with involvement in peer harassment.     

大学英语写作中的同伴书面评语研究

以建构主义和语篇人际功能分析为基础,对大学英语写作同伴互评过程中的同伴书面评语进行实证研究,以此探讨学生潜在的自主学习能力、学生的英语水平与评语语言选择的相关性、学生评语的内容及其人际功能的体现以及学生对同伴互评的接受度。此研究对大学英语写作教学和评改模式的改进以及学生写作能力的提高有一定的实际意义。     

高校朋辈辅导员管理模式探究

朋辈辅导是高校开展大学生心理互助的新型模式,朋辈辅导员队伍的有效管理是保证朋辈辅导工作顺利开展的前提。本文分析了当前高校朋辈辅导员队伍管理中存在的忽视甄选环节、缺乏系统培训、缺少组织管理等现象,并提出构建科学有效的朋辈辅导员管理模式：由心理咨询中心负责组建朋辈辅导员团体,按＂校级—院级—班级＂三级逐级管理的模式。为确保逐级管理模式的实施,应重视朋辈辅导员队伍的建立、培训、活动、监管、支持等环节,切实保证朋辈辅导工作的实效性。     

Teacher Reports of Children's Friendships and Social Groups: Agreement with Peer Reports and Implications for Studying Peer Similarity

Teacher–peer agreement about children’s friendships and social group affiliations was examined in a sample of 219 children in grades 1, 3, and 5. Peer reports were used to identify reciprocated friendships and informal social groups. Teachers listed each child’s closest friends and described the informal social groups existing in their classrooms. Teachers also rated children’s externalizing behavior problems and academic orientation and provided direct ratings of the externalizing behavior problems and academic orientation of children’s friends. Teacher–peer agreement was reliable for friendships and social groups and was stronger in the upper elementary grades. Estimates of peer similarity were highest when teachers provided global ratings of the behaviors of the children’s friends. Results suggest that teacher reports of children’s peer affiliations have some validity but result in inflated estimates of peer similarity.     

同伴教学的理论与实践

目前,关于同伴教学的研究越来越多,同伴教学的理论与实践也日趋完善.在我国,学校班级的规模偏大,无法照顾到学生的个别差异,因此,加强同伴教学的理论与实践研究十分必要.     

The Development of Same- and Opposite-Sex Social Relations Among Adolescents: An Analogue Study

The present study, utilizing an analogue procedure and a short-term longitudinal design, examined the relative strength of observed behavior in predicting mid- to late-adolescents' ratings of that behavior. Direct observations were made of 89 adolescents during videotaped problem-solving interactions with groups of unfamiliar peers. Within 6-member peer groups, counterbalanced for gender, the adolescents participated in a series of problem-solving and discussion tasks. Peer groups met one hour daily for six consecutive days. The interactions were coded with the LIFE code and three behavioral constructs were assessed: facilitative, problem-solving, and aggressive. Same- and opposite-sex peer ratings of three factors, sociable, aggressive, and withdrawn, were obtained at the end of the second and sixth days. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that same-sex sociability ratings were predicted by prosocial behaviors of both girls and boys whereas boys' aggressive behavior also predicted these ratings across gender. In contrast, aggressive behavior displayed by girls predicted boys' ratings of girls' aggression. Withdrawal ratings were related to low levels of all behaviors. The results provide further evidence that peer perceptions may be driven by characteristics associated with gender that have been determined by culturally proscribed practices and socialization efforts.     

The Social Ecology of Early Childhood: Preschool Social Support Networks and Social Acceptance

The focus of this study was on the social networks of preschool children and on the interface between network characteristics and the child's acceptance by peers and teachers. Fifty-six children and their mothers were interviewed about the child's social support network. Social acceptance measures included peer sociometric ratings and teacher ratings of child preference and relationship quality. Frequency of contact with mother-nominated child network members was a determining factors in the concordance of mother and child reports. From the child's perspective, social acceptance was related to the presence and supportiveness of siblings and extended kin. Mother reports were less predictive, with only one significant association between parental support and teacher preference. In general, the children's perceptions regarding the structure and function of their social networks were found to be reliable and to relate meaningfully to social acceptance in the preschool domain.     

民族地区农村留守幼儿抗逆力的发展：师幼关系、同伴关系的影响

幼儿园是幼儿生活的微系统之一,在幼儿园生态系统中,教师、同伴是两个影响幼儿发展的关键因素。本研究采用测 查法,以广西民族地区344 名农村幼儿为研究对象,围绕农村留守幼儿早期发展的基本状况、抗逆力对早期发展的影响、师幼 关系和同伴关系对留守幼儿抗逆力的影响进行分析。结果发现：留守困境不利于留守幼儿的认知发展、社会情绪能力、语言和 早期阅读能力发展,对男性幼儿影响更大;抗逆力对留守幼儿早期发展有预测作用,有助于留守幼儿适应困境产生的压力;师 幼亲密、同伴接纳是影响留守幼儿抗逆力发展的保护因素。研究建议在教育干预方面可以通过提高教师支持系统的力量,与 留守幼儿建立更为亲密的关系;关注幼幼互动的缓冲作用,促进留守幼儿与同伴积极有效的互动,以更好地帮助留守幼儿应对 困境。