Determinants of housing quality: A comparison of white,African-American,and Hispanic single-parent women

This study examines housing quality among three groups of single-parent women: white, African-American, and Hispanic. Three indicators of housing quality—crowding, affordability, and satisfaction—are used to discover the extent to which these groups experience housing problems. This study also explores differences and similarities in the factors that precipitate problems in housing quality for these three groups of single parents. Findings suggest important differences and similarities in the nature of housing quality problems among white, African-American, and Hispanic single-parent women. The specified variables explained about 20% of the variance in crowding, housing affordability, and housing satisfaction. On measures of objective and subjective housing quality, white single mothers are better housed than their African-American or Hispanic counterparts. Hispanic single mothers have the largest housing cost burden and average more persons per household than the other groups. African-Americans are twice as likely as either group to live in low-quality housing and reported the lowest average satisfaction with their housing. Her research interests include housing and neighborhood assessment and women and public policy issues. She has recently published articles inUrban Affairs Quarterly andHousing and Society on housing and neighborhood assessment criteria among black urban households and the housing cost burden of various groups of female-headed households. She received her Ph.D. from Ohio State University. Her research interests include the housing adjustment behavior of women and public policy. She has recently completed her thesis on the role of noncustodial parents in determining the quality of life of their children. She is also the recipient of the Tessie Agan Award for research excellence from the American Association of Housing Educators for a paper titled “Unterstanding Constraints and Residential Satisfaction among Low-Income Single-Parent Families.”     

Housing affordability among elderly female heads of household in nonmetropolitan areas

This study investigates the extent and nature of housing affordability for elderly nonmetropolitan female heads of household using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results indicate that over one-third of elderly nonmetropolitan female heads of household experience housing poverty and that those who rent, who have fair to poor health, and who are minorities are particularly vulnerable. Housing affordability, measured by the concept of housing poverty, identifies households struggling to meet basic needs while the conventional 25% of income for housing expenditures ratio identifies a larger population. The findings suggest the need for multifaceted public policies to address the problem of housing poverty. Her research interests include housing affordability, housing and community vitality, and decision making. She received her Ph.D. from Purdue University. Sooyoun Park is in the same department as a Project Assistant on a USDA-funded research project entitled “Housing Affordability in Rural Areas,” which is a joint project between Nebraska and Wisconsin. Her research interests focus on housing management behavior in relation to housing expenditure burden. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.     

住宅价格涨跌幅、波动非对称性与空置量关系的实证研究

采用门限ARCH模型研究了我国住宅价格涨跌幅、波动的非对称性与住宅空置量之间的动态关系,实证结论表明:我国住宅空置量与住宅价格涨跌和住宅价格波动呈负相关关系;住宅价格波动具有非对称性,低住宅空置时住宅价格波动大于高空置时的住宅价格波动;同时住宅价格波动具波动聚集性;政府及时披露住宅空置信息和合理调控住宅空置水平,有利于住宅市场的稳定发展。     

Predictors of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sports Context

This study examined antisocial and prosocial behavior of N = 439 adolescent athletes between 14 and 17 years of age (67 teams). Multi‐level analyses showed that team membership explained 20 and 13 percent of the variance in antisocial and prosocial behavior in the sports context, respectively. The team effects suggest that aggregating antisocial or prosocial adolescents within teams may partially explain differences in antisocial and prosocial behavior among athletes in the sports context. A trend was found toward a relation between higher levels of moral reasoning within teams, and less antisocial behavior in the sports context. Favorable moral atmosphere was positively associated with more prosocial behavior in the sports context. Finally, supportive coach–athlete relationships were associated with both less antisocial and more prosocial behavior in the sports context.     

城中村、小产权房是解决我国城镇人口住房问题的有效出路

当前我国的城市住房问题,已经从民生问题上升为政治问题。现有的解决手段在尚不成熟的社会主义市场经济面前,显得缺乏力度,基本丧失有效性。在这个事关亿万居民生活的关键问题上,必须寻求制度上的突破。本文认为,现有城镇土地管理体制必须变革,集体性质的土地应加入到城镇住房建设中去。城中村和小产权房的建设,是以集体性质土地解决城市居民居住问题的有效办法,应予规范改进,进而合理发展。     

永久随机数在多层次调查中的应用

采用永久随机数法抽样技术抽到的样本具有很好地样本兼容的性质。本文讨论了采用序贯srswor抽样技术和Poisson抽样技术这两种永久随机数法抽样技术时,多层次调查的实现问题,希望能为多层次调查的实现提供一点启示。     

Tests of statistical hypotheses and their use in studies of natural phenomena

Contrary to ideas suggested by the title of the conference at which the present paper was presented, the author is not aware of a conceptual difference between a “test of a statistical hypothesis” and a “test of significance” and uses these terms interchangeably. A study of any serious substantive problem involves a sequence of incidents at which one is forced to pause and consider what to do next. In an effort to reduce the frequency of misdirected activities one uses statistical tests. The procedure is illustrated on two examples: (i) Le Cam’s (and associates’) study of immunotherapy of cancer and (ii) a socio-economic experiment relating to low-income homeownership problems.     

农村宅基地流转的制度创新——以“联众模式”为例

在现有制度约束下,＂联众模式＂是一种农村宅基地使用权流转的诱致性制度创新,它推进了农村土地资源、社会资源、劳动力资源的优化配置,满足了新农村建设的要求,实现了有关利益相关方的双赢。农村宅基地使用权流转创新是诱致性制度创新结果,但农村宅基地使用权流转最终需走复合式制度变迁路径。     

农民工农村住房过剩与城市住房不足矛盾研究

农民工农村住房过剩与城市住房不足成为当今社会的一个显著矛盾。调查显示农民工家庭的农村住房45%处于浪费状态,但他们在城市的居住面积人均却只有4平方米。从农村来说,户籍制度所导致的回乡预期,建房潮留下的后遗症,农民工投资保值需求,农村宅基地政策的束缚等原因导致了农村住房过剩;从城市来说,商品房价格远远超过农民工的承受能力,低端房地产市场供给之路不畅,政府公益性住房因数量有限无法惠及农民工导致了农民工城市住房短缺。在对农民工住房理论性质分析的基础上,提出了利用市场与政府干预两条解决思路,并提出了具体的解决对策。     

住宅产业现代化所面临的挑战

文章从住房商品化、国家产业政策和“入世”等等方面论述了住宅产业现代化所面临的挑战后,提出了住宅建设适度超前、住宅建设与城市协调发展等今后需要认真研究的几个问题。