论胡塞尔自然科学基础思想中的先验逻辑结构

本文试图根据胡塞尔思想发展的四个阶段揭示出隐含在胡塞尔关于自然科学基础的思想中的一个结构,这就是我们在德国古典哲学那里常见的先验逻辑结构;本文力图表明,胡塞尔现象学的本质直观的内在性方法实际上是一个自在地受这一先验逻辑结构支配的方法。这一揭示不仅为我们解读胡塞尔现象学及其思想发展历程提供了一个逻辑主线,而且也使我们通过胡塞尔进一步认识先验逻辑对人类科学（理性）思维的必然性支配力量。     

Methodological naturalism,saturation, and Psychology's failure to save the phenomena

Many scientists and philosophers of science have argued that metaphysical naturalism and methodological naturalism represent distinct and separable philosophical commitments. This claim is true in the sense that metaphysics and epistemology reflect different philosophical projects. The major question of interest to psychologists, however, is whether at the pragmatic level of research designed to discover the psychological sphere in which we live our lives, the metaphysical and the methodological realms are so tightly interwoven that some important aspects of our humanity cannot be faithfully revealed without distortion, or even missed altogether. This paper argues that, in light of its intellectual origins, methodological naturalism is informed by metaphysical naturalism at the level of its formulation, and, thereby, is by its nature more apt to reveal phenomena of certain ontological types and less apt to faithfully reveal phenomena of other ontological types. In this sense, metaphysical naturalism cannot help but subtly shape psychological investigation and thus insert itself to some degree into our understanding of many important psychological phenomena. The work of the French phenomenologist Jean-Luc Marion, particularly his concept of “saturated phenomena,” is briefly discussed by way of a call for greater methodological openness in psychological research – an openness that will permit psychological scientists to better “save the phenomena” in their accounts of human experience.     

Beyond Husserl and Schütz. Hermann Schmitz and Neophenomenological Sociology

Phenomenological sociology is one of the most recognized approaches for explaining the constitution of social behaviour and the construction of social reality. To this day, phenomenological sociology usually belongs to the tradition of Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and to Alfred Schütz's mundane phenomenology, thus generally presenting itself as sociology of lifeworld, sociology of everyday life, and sociology of knowledge. In contrast to this, this paper intends to outline an alternative kind of phenomenological sociology that finds its philosophical foundation in Hermann Schmitz's “New Phenomenology”. With regards especially to Schmitz's theory of the felt body (“Leib”) and his theory of situation, the basic principles of Neophenomenological Sociology (NPS) will be introduced. Their main components are (1) felt body and affective involvement as the pre-personal apriori of sociality, (2) felt-bodily communication as the basic unit of sociality, and (3) joint situations as the socio-ontological foundation and empirical manifestation of sociality. With these specific key concepts, NPS proves itself to be a socio-theoretical approach whose foremost strength is that it can identify and properly analyse the pathic dimensions of social behaviour and social situations that social sciences tend to overlook.     

A female lay perspective on the establishment of long-term sickness absence

In Sweden women account for about 60% of the long-term cases of sickness absence. The aim of this study was to describe women's explanations as to how long-term sickness absence arises and becomes permanent, with reference to their personal experience. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 82 middle-aged women who have personal experience of long-term sickness absence. Long-term sickness absence can be said to arise in three distinguishable "spaces": the work space, the medico-legal space and the mental space. In the beginning, the women were positive about sick-leave as such, which they saw as an opportunity for physical rest. But as time went on, they came to regard sick-leave as creating a vicious circle of new problems related to inactivity and isolation. Apart from this vicious circle and chronic physical impairments, certain conditions at the workplace, at the hospital and the social insurance office transformed seemingly trivial sick-leaves into long-term and irreversible sickness absences     

从先验逻辑到先验现象学--主体谱系学之二

在西方哲学史上,自我理论具有特别的地位.从主体谱系学的角度追踪自我理论的发展历程,依然是有待人们去完成的一项艰苦的工作.本文立足于康德哲学的自我理论,通过与笛卡尔的自我理论,胡塞尔的自我理论相互诠释,认为近代哲学的自我理论表现为一个自否定的过程,也就是从对自我的实体化理解到对自我的功能化理解的深入,进而指出,正是在这种理解的深入过程中,哲学开启了更广阔的视域.     

现象学:一种可资传播学借鉴的哲学方法

长期以来,在实证学派和批判学派统治传播学研究的背景下,经验方法和思辨方法一直是两大传统的传播学研究方法,而在方法论上独立于这两大传统方法之外的现象学方法作为一种基本的哲学方法,虽被广泛运用于人文社会科学乃至自然科学领域,但却始终未能在传播学研究中获得应有的关注.本文在对现象学方法加以介绍并阐明其"本质直观"思想的基础上,通过比较,认为现象学方法在某种意义上实现了对经验方法和思辨方法的超越,尤其有助于解决后二者无法妥善处理的"个别"与"一般"、"现象"与"本质"的关系问题,因此理当引起我们的高度重视而被借鉴到传播学研究中来.     

自我异化的积极扬弃——探究马克思揭示“异化劳动”的方法论

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对异化劳动的研究展示出一种崭新的方法论。这种方法论不仅是对黑格尔的唯心主义辩证法的唯物主义改造,而且也包含着对传统的诠释学方法的改造和吸纳。在马克思对异化劳动的分析中,辩证法和诠释学的方法紧密地结合在一起。马克思运用辩证法和诠释学的方法向我们表明异化劳动是何以发生的,以及我们如何知道发生了异化劳动。马克思在《手稿》中追问的问题与其说何谓异化劳动,毋宁说我们何以理解异化劳动。马克思的这种追问方式与现象学—诠释学的追问方式有类似之处,但与实证主义的追问方式完全不同。通过比较马克思的辩证法与现象学—诠释学的方法和实证主义的方法的异同,我们更容易看清楚马克思在揭示异化劳动中的方法论特征。     

Coping with bullying in Australian schools: how children with disabilities experience support from friends,parents and teachers

Little research has been published investigating the experiences of physical and emotional support for children with disabilities in the Australian school context. The aim of this phenomenological study was to explore how children with disabilities experienced support when they were bullied at school. Qualitative interviews with 10 children, aged 8–10 years, were analysed. The children had a range of disabilities, including physical, visual and hearing impairments. The four themes that emerged were: (1) bullying experiences; (2) coping with bullying; (3) importance of friends; (4) adult responses to bullying. The implications of the contributions to this study for bullying research specific to the lives of children with disabilities are discussed, such as providing educational and health professionals with a knowledge of the support that children with disabilities draw on when they experience bullying.     

现象学之于教育研究

现象学从理论、方法、运动和范式四个方面对包括教育研究在内的社会科学研究产生了巨大的影响，特别是方法层面的影响最大。现象学之于教育研究，既有积极方面的作用，也有其局限性。通过个案性的博士论文选题过程中现象学方法的运用，充分展示了它的魅力和限度。     

科学与哲学的关系新论--科学与哲学关系的一种历史的唯象考察

从历时态时间维度对科学与哲学的关系进行唯象考察发现,科学和哲学在古代呈现出一体化特征,在近代前期开始分化、独立,在近代后期又出现了相互渗透的迹象,而在现代则表现出高度的综合发展趋势--哲学的科学化和科学的哲学化双向运动现象.对科学与哲学的关系进行这种历史的唯象描述、考察,对人们深化理解马克思主义关于哲学与科学的关系原理具有重大意义.