民国时期自行车与城市社会生活方式变迁研究(1927—1936)

民国时期是中国近代社会的转型时期,各种西方消费品纷纷进入中国。西方先进的新式交通工具传入中国后,不仅改变了旧式交通工具的主导地位,也带来了传统社会观念与消费风尚的悄然变化。随着城市道路与交通设施的逐渐完善,自行车作为城市交通工具开始流行,不仅使人们的出行更加快捷、舒适、方便,而且产生了一系列的社会文化效应。那些有能力消费的社会阶层,把自行车当作日常生活的重要交通工具,同时也是一种社会身份的象征。自行车也被有限地投入公用,成为邮差等部门的交通工具,提高了工作效率。自行车的进口,也促使自行车民族工业的发展,尽管产品仿制的过程在外来自行车的冲击下依然艰难。西方器物的进口,产生的文化冲击效应是非常直接的,不仅仅是外在改变了中国传统交通工具,促进新行业的兴起,而且带来深层次的变化。这种消费品的供给,满足了经济发达城市市民的生活需求,提高了生活质量,也给人们的社会生活带来影响。自行车可以视为一种物质文化符号,在传播过程中,自行车从奢侈品到逐渐融入日常百姓的社会生活之中,最后成了中国人特别喜爱的交通工具,是近代中国社会文化演变的缩影。     

农村生活形态的历史考察与展望

在对农村生活形态的概念进行界定的基础上,循着农村生活形态由传统向现代转型的历史轨迹,将农村生活形态的演变过程分为三个大的历史时期：传统社会的农村生活形态、传统社会向现代社会过渡时期的农村生活形态、现代社会的农村生活形态,并分析了不同历史时期农村生活形态的具体特征。城乡融合是社会发展的大趋势,中国特色的现代社会就是城乡统筹的社会,城乡统筹发展必然促进农村生活形态从同质性向和谐的异质性转变。     

中国网络监管到网络治理的转变 ——从“网络暴力”谈起

石义彬文从"分割与拼贴"、"真实与虚拟"、"全球与地方"等不同向度,集中分析了传播新技术的文化影响,主张以社会化的方案与规划而非纯技术手段来应对这种文化挑战.张卓文以中外媒体广泛关注的网络事件为研究个案,探讨网络监管与网络暴民之关系、公众对网络监管之态度,并在联合国互联网治理的理论框架下,强调以网络治理取代网络监管.王勇文分析了传播新技术所建构的新媒介环境,以及新媒介环境对青少年社会化的影响,并从优化媒介资源配置、严格媒介管理、加强传媒职业道德建设、提高公民的媒介素养等维度,倡导构建健康的媒介环境.刘中望文从"自媒体"、新"社群主义"、新公共性等角度,探讨了互联网对当代生活方式的多种影响,强调对其研究要突破"可能性"、"实在性"这两种逻辑视角.     

鱼玄机诗歌艺术特点探析

鱼玄机的诗作具有锤炼语句、频繁用典等特色。但她的诗作思想却是尚质实的,真实抒写了女性因思念及被弃而内心凄楚的情怀。诗作中大量运用铺陈手法,巧妙措辞,表现了丰富的生活内容。     

Just for fun? Alcohol and drugs in youth lifestyles: a survey

The article presents an analysis of the relationship between young people and alcohol and drug use, examining both their attitudes and behaviors. The analysis is based on statistics collected through a structured-questionnaire survey of 1071 students from the secondary schools of Rome and the Province. The first part of the article examines patterns and levels of alcohol and drug use and typical places of use. The central part is dedicated to the perceptions and opinions on alcohol and drugs, with particular regard to the dimensions of risk and sociality, and to the different roles of school and family in raising risk awareness. Sociality appears as a crucial element in young people's tendency to associate alcohol and drugs with an effect of relaxation and disinhibition that makes social relations easier. The article finally examines the relationship between young people and social norms, identifying transgressive models and habits. On the whole, the study highlights a connection between alcohol and drug use and desire of sociality, which is experienced more as a situational and ever-changing practice than as a search for close friendships.     

Promoting behavioral change towards lower energy consumption in the building sector

Climate change and environmental issues have been increasingly in the forefront of the media and government agendas. However, despite much discussion and fanfare, little has been done in the way of serious commitment and clear course of actions since the adoption of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 to bring carbon emissions to sustainable levels. To tackle the immensity of the climate change challenge, a paradigm shift in understanding is necessary to balance the course of global human development with energy demand and consumption patterns. Accounting for over 40% of global energy demand and more than 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, the building sector offers the greatest mitigation potential for reducing carbon emissions in both the short and long term, with positive implications for a range of associated sectors and industries. Promoting behavioral change among end-users for reduced energy consumption as well as encouraging the building industry to embrace sustainable design, low-carbon construction practices and materials, and renewable technologies, is fundamental to mitigating the impact of the built environment on planetary biospheres and preserving quality of life for generations to come. This paper starts by drawing attention to the building sector and related EU policy, outlining the challenges and opportunities for reducing energy consumption and carbon emission levels. Such policy provides the essential framework to engage stakeholders and allow supporting factors to foster progress in the sector. The paper contends that information on climate change has not led to significant improvements in meeting global targets and that what is needed is behavioral change among individuals and society as a whole. On the basis of research project experiences and literature review, it puts forth and explores five key elements contributing to behavioral change for reduced energy consumption and lower carbon emissions in the building sector, focused on: information and education; financial incentives and energy services; modern technologies and sustainable design; social and community norms; and biophilia (contact with the natural environment). The paper suggests opportunities for further research and concludes with recommendations for policy-makers and related stakeholders.     

湖南省高校女教授生活方式的调查与研究

对湖南省高校女教授的空余时间、生活幸福指数以及焦虑程度等方面的调查,得知大部分高校女教授存在不良生活方式,严重影响女性的身心健康,采取多种方式鼓励她们积极参与到体育健身中以缓解与减轻生活压力,促进妇女体育运动的发展。     

不同职业群体农民生活方式的差异——基于四川省Y镇的调查

改革开放以来,中国农民的职业结构已由单一的传统农业生产转变为由传统农业、乡村管理、外出打工、非农产业构成的多元职业结构。相应的传统农民群体、乡村管理群体、打工群体、非农经营群体在物质消费方式、休闲方式、交往方式等方面虽存在程度不同的浅层和局部差异,但在整体上并未发生深刻变化。而且,大多数职业农民认可劳动收入和生活方式存在的差异,除打工群体外,没有改变现状的强烈要求。     

论曹植与中古诗歌创作范式的确立

作为中古诗歌创作范式的“建安风骨”是后代论者对于建安文学精神的一种独特接受和主体建构。由于建安文学的发展呈现为一个历时性的过程,不同阶段、不同作家的情形不一, 对这一创作范式内涵的把握和阐释就必须放在特定历史进程中进行。曹植在文学史上尤其是在中古文学史上一直具有偶像的价值和意义。将曹植这一“文本”以及后代作家对他的“接受”作为一种特殊的文化现象观察,就会发现,曹植尤其是他后期文化、文学活动的典范意义并非只在辞彩等形式的方面,而是标志着一种文人生存方式及文学创作范式的完全确立,从而成为中古文学发展方向的真正代表。     

Decision-making style: Impact on satisfaction of the commuter couples' lifestyle

The entry of many women into the labor force in recent years has precipitated some changes for families. Commuter marriage is an attempt by some families to integrate work and family life. This article examines the decision-making style that 39 commuter couples use to make a decision if they should commute. The results indicate a more highly planned and systematically structured decision style relates to increased satisfaction with one's decision. Specific family and couple commuter style variables are discussed in relation to desirableness of lifestyle and coping strategies for commuter couples.Special acknowledgment is extended to Jane W. Spruill for her assistance with data collection and computer analysis. Support for computer analysis is acknowledged to the University of Maryland Computer Center. This research was supported in part by a Graduate Research Board Grant and a Divisional Small Grant Award, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD. This article benefited greatly from the suggestions of Charles Hennon and two anonymous reviewers.Her research interests include family policy issues, and work and families. She received her Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University.