Social reproduction and the limitations of protest camps: openness and exclusion of social movements in Japan

This paper investigates how activists conduct participatory democracy and realize prefiguration and horizontality in a protest camp setting. Recently, scholars have shown increasing interest in the internal lives of social movements. Anti-G8 direct action in Japan has provided an opportunity to examine how protesters practise prefiguration and horizontality in everyday experiments in alternative ways of living together. In the protest camp in Japan, participants faced institutional and material limitations. This study discusses the social reproduction processes within protest camps that operate according to these limitations. Three key findings emerged: first, the protest camp shows a great openness towards beginners; they can easily find roles in its social reproduction processes. To accomplish this, they use skills developed in their daily habits outside the protest. Second, the collective practice of social reproduction creates and clearly displays a hierarchical partnership between activists, in the sense that beginners are not only politically socialized, but that they learn the limited cultural codes of anti-globalism movements from other activists. The relationship between teaching and taught serves to create hierarchy and exclusion among participants. The third key finding is related to exclusion. For some activists who have experienced discrimination, the protest camp is a frustrating experience because it forces upon them codes and manners constructed in capitalist society. To them, the camp recreates the cleavage between majority and minority protesters. The paper argues that both exclusive and inclusive sides of the protest camps, particularly when discussing collective lifestyle practices, exhibit ambiguity.     

陶渊明对“魏晋玄学”的别样演绎——田园与玄学渗透融合的真境再现

陶渊明与玄学的关系历来探讨者甚多,但真正要将二者关系梳理清楚又说明白,还需将渊明的田园生活与玄学更好的融合在一起研究。田园生活及其田园生活理想是陶渊明玄学思想的主要依托和体现,渊明通过这两方面将农村田园与玄学交融渗透、完美融合,从而演绎出了玄学新境界——农玄。渊明以农村田园生活的实际行动回应并且完善了魏晋玄学,更为完整、更为透亮地诠释了玄学的要义。     

De gustibus non est disputandum? A new approach to the estimation of equivalence scales

We argue that when the household composition changes, consumption patterns vary not only because of the cost effect that equivalence scales try to measure, but also because of a “taste” or “style” effect. This effect can be identified and measured, under a few assumptions, with the use of a new methodology, calledDM ² (Decomposition Model of the effects of Demographic Metamorphosis), that can be viewed as a generalisation of Ray's (1983) price-scaling approach to the construction of equivalent scales. An empirical application to data drawn from the Istat 1995 Italian Household Budget Survey suggests that the proposed method improves our understanding of households' consumption patterns and the reliability of the equivalence scales that we derive. We gratefully acknowledge helpful comments from Giorgio Calzolari, Franco Polverini, Ugo Trivellato and an anonymous referee, but retain full responsibility for all errors, and for the processing of Istat (Italian Institute of Statistics) microdata on Household Budgets. Financial support for this research was provided by the italian MURST (Research project on “Equivalence scales” directed by Prof. Guido Ferrari, University of Firenze, Ref. No. 9913105354; and Research project on “Low fertility in Italy: between economic constraints and value changes”, directed by Prof. Massimo Livi Bacci, University of Firenze, Ref. No. MM13107238). Preliminary findings on this research topic have been presented in a few seminars and conferences: cf., e.g., De Santis and Maltagliati (2000 and 2001).     

国内外生活方式研究的新进展

随着人们生活水平的普遍提高,对生活方式的研究也成为流行病学、社会医学和社会学等领域的研究热点。目前国内对生活方式的内涵、类型和结构还未有统一的认识,但普遍认为生活方式是一个内涵丰富、结构复杂的概念,对其测量大多采用《生活方式量表》和《生活方式自评量表》。国外对生活方式的研究主要集中在特色人群的生活方式、肥胖与生活方式的关系、生活方式病的治疗和预防、生活质量等。国内主要关注学生体质及生活方式的影响、生活方式对成年人体质状况的影响、体育生活方式与体质和健康的影响、亚健康问题、健康生活方式与身心健康的关系等。但目前还存在着实证研究少、研究对象和工具局限、心理学视角研究较少等不足。应通过实证研究,深入探讨生活方式与体质或健康的关系、健全人格与健康生活方式的关系、生活方式与经济发展和健身条件的关系等。     

甘肃扶贫移民生活方式适应性研究——以H村为例

从迁出地转向迁入地,移民原有的生产方式丧失,而新的生活方式未能形成。移民生活方式的适应将面临着忘记过去与重建未来的艰难选择。通过对甘肃H村的移民生活方式适应性的因素论析及现状解释,研究显示随着迁移时间的延长,大多数移民的生活适应性在增强,消费支出因素对生活方式的适应性带来重要影响。     

基于饮食生活型态的大学生餐饮消费市场细分研究

在食品相关生活型态(Food-Related Lifestyle,FRL)量表的基础上,针对中国大学生的实际情况设计出大学生饮食生活型态量表,通过问卷调查和因子分析,将大学生饮食生活型态分为7个构面,并以结构方程模型验证了该划分的可信性和有效性,在此基础上采用集群分析方法,将大学生按不同的饮食生活型态划分为五个集群,即五个餐饮消费细分市场,分别为:饮食保守型、饮食现代型、饮食冷漠型、传统居家型和饮食享受型。统计分析显示,相对于各因子变量,74.3%的集群之间具有显著的差异;通过不同饮食生活型态集群在人口统计变量上的差异性分析发现各集群仅在性别上存在显著差异。     

生活方式变迁对法律演变的影响

生活方式变迁对于法律有着重大的影响。生活方式的变迁会使法律发生重大变化,生活方式能刺激法的产生,引起法的变化,导致法的消灭,引导法律价值转换,改变法律思维。     

Social Stratification and Consumption Patterns in Turkey

In this article, by analyzing consumption practices of Turkish households, I attempted to identify whether there are distinctions between different social classes in Turkey. Stated another way, I assessed and explored the impact of socio-economic forces on consumption patterns, taste and lifestyle. In doing so, I tested emprically, two theoretical approaches, Bourdieu’s “reproduction theory” and Giddens “class Structuration thesis”. A total of eight dependent variables are analyzed in terms of the linkages between those selected consumption items and social structure. In general, the emprical findings indicated that the intersection and reinforcement of social class variables, such as income, education, occupation, sector, and neighborhood differentiation, determined consumption patterns and lifestyle differences in Turkey.     

思想政治教育与现时代关系的辩证思考

从思想政治教育与中国的发展目标、知识经济发展的要求、现代生活方式的内涵有着密不可分的联系等几方面,阐述现时代有效开展思想政治教育的重要性、必要性和必然性;澄清对现时代思想政治教育会走向弱化,甚至认为难以维系的模糊认识.