简论美国104届国会的“反环境”政策

1990年代中期,美国104届国会推行一系列＂反环境＂政策议程,掀起了自1980年代里根政府以来的第二次反环境高潮。104届国会的反环境政策有着复杂的背景和多方面的成因：104届国会的政治力量构成和保守主义政治倾向、1990年代初美国的社会经济形势和政策趋势、反环境利益集团及其运动的影响和推动、公众对环境问题的关注度下降等都是重要因素。104届国会的反环境政策一方面造成了环境政策停滞;另一方面也遭到了环保主义者和环保组织、公众舆论和克林顿政府的抵制。最终,104届国会不得不对其激进的政策做某些调整。104届国会的反环境政策及其结果表明,环境政策涉及的利益及政治关系非常复杂,环境政策的出路须在发展经济与保护环境之间寻求平衡。     

促进辽宁中小企业发展的财税政策分析

针对辽宁中小企业发展中资金的紧张问题,采用规范研究方法,指出财政性资金支持中小企业的整体效果不明显、信贷支持力度不够和税收优惠政策体系不完善等问题,提出了加大财政支持力度、完善面向中小企业的政府采购制度以及规范和清理有关中小企业的税费制度等建议。研究结论对完善支持中小企业发展财政体系具有指导意义。     

城镇住房保障规模影响因素的相关分析研究

城镇住房保障规模既受住房保障需要范围的影响,又受政府供给能力的约束.城镇住房保障规模的主要影响因素体现在如下几个方面:人均财政收入、人均可支配收入、恩格尔系数、人均住房消费支出、商品房市场价格、居民人均使用面积、住房自有率、城市化率、住宅用地年供应量和房地产开发投资量等,将这些影响因素分别与住房保障量或应受保障家庭比例之间做实证相关分析或理想值的模拟分析,可得到部分有意义的结果.其政策含义是,根据经济社会发展的阶段性水平,政府可对上述指标作政策性的适度调控,使城镇保障型住房的供应量努力保持供需的动态平衡.     

科技资源共享可行性分析及对策建议

从经济学视角分析科技资源共享的可能性,指出科技财力资源不能共享,但科技人力资源有共享的前景,科技物力资源在一定条件下可以共享,科技信息资源应该无条件共享;同时,通过对我国科技资源共享现状的分析,指出目前制约我国科技资源共享的因素,提出了当前我国实现科技资源共享的对策与建议。     

Migration Policies and Political Cultures in Europe: A Changing Trend

This paper discusses the relationships between the migratory policies of the EU countries with more experience of immigration and their national political cultures. It focuses on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. It then looks at Italy, a relatively new country of immigration, which, with 3,000,000 legal immigrants, has become the fourth country of immigration in Europe and the first in the Mediterranean basin. In its final part it highlights the incipient process of ‘communitarisation’ of the immigration policies of EU countries in the last decade. This process, which has already entailed a significant convergence of their migratory policies, is expected to continue after the recent enlargement of the European Union.     

中小企业信息化现状分析及方向探讨

中小企业在我国国民经济中占有重要的地位,信息化是其快速发展的助推器。但是,目前国内信息化研究大多是以大型企业为对象,很少对中小企业进行深入研究。文章则通过对目前政府的企业信息化政策、中小企业自身和中小企业信息化软件市场竞争特点的分析,指出对中小企业信息化进行行业细分是一条适宜的发展之路。同时文章也简要描述了对将来中小企业信息化建设的期望。     

日德法三国政府促进大学生就业政策措施述评

日德法三国都是市场经济国家 ,大学生就业的市场化特征非常明显。这并不表明政府对此可以放任不管 ,一切由市场运作。而恰恰相反 ,日德法三国充分发挥政府宏观调控的作用 ,即通过制定有关的法律、法规和政策等 ,有效促进了大学生就业。这对我国即将面临和缓减大学生就业高峰的压力具有积极借鉴意义。     

The retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state: theory and policy

This article discusses a recent retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state. This retreat has occurred both at the level of theory and policy. With the help of some recent liberal critiques of multiculturalism, the first part maps out some shortcomings of the notion of minority integration through cultural recognition, particularly with respect to immigrants. The second part discusses a retreat from multiculturalism policies in three states that had been prominently committed to them: Australia, the Netherlands, and Britain. This practical retreat of multiculturalism is due to a variety of factors, their importance differing across cases: the chronic lack of public support for multiculturalism policies; inherent deficits and failures of multiculturalism policies, especially in socio-economic respect; and a new assertiveness of the liberal state to impose liberal principles.     

Measuring costs from permitted gaming: concepts and categories in evaluating gambling's consequences

This paper addresses the methodology of cost–benefit analysis as applied to policy alternatives regarding legally sanctioned gambling in its various forms. Existing economic studies regarding the social costs of gambling are reviewed and critiqued. Distinctions are made between definitions of social costs that are defined as actions which result in negative changes in aggregate social wealth (the narrow definition), and those which also include internal nonmarket costs that are borne by individual gamblers and their immediate families and acquaintances (the broader definition). This distinction is important because of its bearing on economic policies that are primarily concerned with economic efficiency versus policies that are more paternalistic, which attempt to protect individuals from self-damage or self-destruction by restricting their ranges of choice. Whether societies choose to prohibit or severely restrict permitted gambling, or allocate substantial resources to mitigate its negative side effects, rests largely on which of these perspectives regarding social costs they find more appropriate. Finally, the issue of social protection through restrictions on the availability of gambling to the entire population, versus a strategy tailored toward identifiable problem gamblers, is discussed.     

深化改革 扩大开放 促进经济结构调整

在我国国民经济和社会发展“十五”计划纲要中,首次将“发展作为主体,将结构调整作为主线”提出,充分说明国家对经济结构调整的重视。文章论述了只有进一步深化改革和扩大开放,才能顺利推进经济结构的战略性调整,并指出在经济结构的调整中,应根据经济形势实施相应的财政政策、货币政策、产业政策等宏观经济政策。